后殖民理论视野下《吉姆老爷》中的他者形象研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 16:01

  本文选题：《吉姆老爷》　切入点：后殖民理论　出处：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·康拉德(Joseph Conrad,1857-1924)一位来自波兰的英国小说家,在20世纪的英国文坛,他有着重要的地位。《吉姆老爷》(Lord Jim,1900)是其影响最广泛的小说之一,该著被称为20世纪英国文学中第一部现代主义作品。自问世以来,该著广受评论界关注。评论家从不同视角阐释该小说,拓展丰富其内涵。在此,本文试图运用爱德华·W.萨义德(Edward W.Said,1935-2003)的后殖民理论来分析该小说中土著人他者形象刻画及其文化内涵,进一步丰富学界关于康拉德作品的研究。本文主要分析了《吉姆老爷》中的“他者”形象。“他者”一词来源于萨义德的《东方学》(Orientalism),东方主义是西方帝国主义在后殖民时代对东方的一种文化操纵和歪曲,其目的是为了达到对东方的实际统治。作为《吉姆老爷》的作者,康拉德对帝国主义持一种矛盾的态度。他既有反帝国主义的一面,也有支持的一面。作为二十世纪的英国小说家,他始终摆脱不了对东方人的偏见和作为西方人的优越感。作为一部写给西方人的小说,他始终立足于西方人的立场,故而在小说中有大量的扭曲土著人形象的描写。通过具体分析了土著人和白人的代表,我们可以了解到土著人的形象是如何被他者化,如何被重构的。土著人的形象被扭曲,他们变得沉默,甚至是异化。东方世界也完全变成了他者的世界。本文由三部分组成:第一章从他者理论提出者萨义德,小说作者康拉德以及小说的主要叙述人马洛(Marlow)三方面来具体阐释了在当今世界中,在英美小说家中以及在文本中土著人以及整个东方是以怎样的扭曲失真形象出现的。第二章选取了两个代表人物,华利士大英(Dain Waris)和坦布依坦(Tamb’Itam)两个沉默的下属,始终追随在吉姆左右。他们代表了失语的土著人,心甘情愿的接受了边缘的身份和地位,逐渐丧失了表达以及表现自我的本能。第三章主要描写了在殖民扩张的进程中,像科内利乌斯(Cornelius)以及混血儿钰儿(Jewel)等白人是如何逐渐被异化。事实上,白人归根结底也是殖民活动的受害者。通过对他者形象的分析研究,我们可以更多的了解到康拉德的帝国主义心态以及这会给殖民地人民以及殖民者双方带来的灾难。因此,随着全球化的发展,不管是东方还是西方,都应该追求和谐稳定的关系。土著人需要带着批判性的思维来看待西方文明和白人,以此来找到属于自己的身份。西方人也应该摒弃西方中心主义的偏见,正确看待东方和东方人。
[Abstract]:Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad 1857-1924) an English novelist from Poland who played an important role in English literature in the 20th century. Lord Jim 1900 is one of his most influential novels. The novel is known as the first modernist work in English literature in the 20th century. Since it was published, it has attracted much attention from the critics. Critics interpret the novel from different perspectives to enrich its connotation. This paper attempts to use the postcolonial theory of Edward W. Saidn, Edward W. Saidbin (1935-2003), to analyze the portrayal and cultural connotation of the natives in the novel. This paper mainly analyzes the image of "the other" in Lord Jim. The word "other" comes from said's Orientalismhe. Orientalism is a kind of western imperialism. A cultural manipulation and distortion of the East during the colonial era, As the author of Lord Jim, Conrad has a ambivalent attitude toward imperialism. He has an anti-imperialist side. There is also a supportive side. As a British novelist of the twentieth century, he can never get rid of his prejudice against the oriental and his sense of superiority as a westerner. As a novel written to Westerners, he has always been based on the position of Westerners. So there are a lot of depictions that distort the image of the indigenous people in the novel. Through the concrete analysis of the representatives of the indigenous people and the white people, we can understand how the image of the indigenous people is changed by others, how the image of the indigenous people is reconstructed. The image of the indigenous people is distorted. They become silent, even alienated. The oriental world has completely become the world of the other. This paper consists of three parts: the first chapter is Saeed, the author of the theory of the other. Conrad, the author of the novel, and Marlow, the main narrator of the novel, explain in detail that in today's world, In the English and American fictionalists and in the text, the aborigines and the whole East appear in the distorted and distorted image. The second chapter selects two representative characters, two silent subordinates, Dain Waris) and Tambtam Itami. They represent aphasic aborigines, willingly accept marginal identities and positions, and gradually lose the instinct to express and express themselves. Chapter three describes the process of colonial expansion. How whites, like Cornelius and Cornelius, and Half-Blood Yuerli Jewel-are becoming alienated. In fact, whites are ultimately also victims of colonization. Through an analysis of the image of the other, We can learn more about Conrad's imperialist mentality and the disaster it will bring to both the colonists and the colonists. Natives need to look at Western civilization and whites with critical thinking in order to find their identity. Westerners should also get rid of the prejudice of Western centrism. Look at the Orient and the Orient correctly.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074
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本文编号：1663835