存在的镜像：堂吉诃德“冒险”精神美学探究

发布时间：2018-03-27 10:27

本文选题：堂吉诃德　切入点：冒险　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》是文艺复兴时期巨人式的经典作品。事实上,自问世以来,堂吉诃德的形象已经超越文本,成为了一个有血有肉,鲜活饱满的人。他的确是个古怪的疯子,可是我们会看到许多人和他同样的疯,会从他身上看到自己的影子。堂吉诃德不仅是一个偶然的生命,还上升为了一种精神形态,具有了普遍性的意义。在笔者看来,堂吉诃德的冒险故事是象征人类存在命运的一则美学寓言。本文从堂吉诃德“冒险”行为的动机,过程以及结局三个维度,探讨其“冒险”经历背后的“人”的存在镜像。作为人类文明的一种原始印记,神话隐喻着诸多关于人类“存在”的奥秘。通过对神话的追溯,我们寻找到了堂吉诃德冒险精神的源头。堂吉诃德的冒险不仅仅是自由意志主导下的个体冒险精神的发生,还是作为整体存在者的“人”的冒险的延续。而这一更高层面的意义则是缘于堂吉诃德的冒险与人类的原始梦想的接续。在堂吉诃德的前面,无数英雄先辈们留下了追梦的足迹。堂吉诃德听到了召唤,成为了一位新的追随者,也踏上了通向那片永恒光影的冒险之途。 “冒险”,意味着在未知的环境里遭遇各种危险的可能,包括死亡。所以冒险需要极大的勇气。然而,对整个人类来说,虽然意识深处天生具有冒险的“冲动”,然而大多数人只是“心动”,并不是所有人都会真正的“行动”。一个不合时宜的冒险家行走在“人间世”,他要承担的危险不仅来自造物主的自然阻碍,还有来自“道不同”的同类的危险。此外,来自人自身内心的“猛虎”：“疑惑”意识,更加危险可怕,是不得不与之纠缠、周旋的又一个险敌。堂吉诃德的冒险以失败而“回”作结。回归后的堂吉诃德并没有“安心”地过回以前的日子,却是“忧郁”而死,在临终前绝望地选择皈依上帝。“回头”亦不是最终的“岸”,堂吉诃德这一个体的冒险经历,揭示了作为存在者的人的存在困境：心怀梦想的“人”必定不会“安分守己”,必然会为了梦想“越轨”冒险,即使最终在现实的“铜墙铁壁”下无路可走,不得不熄灭梦想,回归现实,也并不能使心“安定”,因为梦想的火种无法彻底熄灭,会在“死灰复燃”的那一刻让人“重头再来”,以此构成了一个无限循环的“圆圈”。冒险的人类如“被戏弄”一般困在这个命运的圆圈上,永远走不出来,直到生命的终结。这条路,是“命运”的安排,活着的人无处可逃。正如海德格尔所说,存在即冒险。
[Abstract]:"Don Quixote" by Cervantes is a classic Renaissance Giant. In fact, since its inception, Don Quixote's image has transcended the text and become a flesh and blood. A fresh and full man. He is a strange lunatic, but we will see many people as mad as he will see their own shadow in him. Don Quixote is not only a chance life, but also rise to a spiritual form. In my opinion, Don Quixote's adventure story is an aesthetic fable symbolizing the fate of human existence. This paper probes into the mirror image of the existence of "man" behind his "adventure" experience. As a primitive imprint of human civilization, mythology is a metaphor for many mysteries about the existence of human beings. We have found the source of Don Quixote's adventurous spirit. Don Quixote's adventure is not just the occurrence of the individual adventurous spirit dominated by free will. Or the continuation of the "human" adventure as the whole being. And this higher level of meaning stems from the continuation of Don Quixote's adventure and human's primitive dreams. In front of Don Quixote, Countless heroes left a trail of dreams. Don Quixote heard the call, became a new follower, and set out on the adventure to the eternal light and shadow. "Adventure" means the possibility of all kinds of dangers, including death, in an unknown environment. So it takes a great deal of courage to take risks. However, for mankind as a whole, Although there is a natural "impulse" of adventure in the depths of consciousness, most people are merely "moved", and not all will truly "act". An anachronistic adventurer walks in the "world", and the dangers he has to bear are not. Only natural hindrance from the Creator, There is also the danger of the same kind from the "Tao different". In addition, the "tiger" from man's own heart: the consciousness of "doubt", more dangerous and terrible, is another dangerous enemy who has to be entangled with it. Don Quixote's adventure ended with failure and return. After his return, Don Quixote did not go back to his days, but died of melancholy. The desperate choice to convert to God before death. "return" is not the ultimate "shore", Don Quixote's individual adventure, It reveals the plight of the existence of the person who exists: the "man" who has a dream must not "keep his or her own hands" and will inevitably take the risk of "deviating" for his dream, even if there is no way to go under the "iron wall" of reality, and he has to extinguish his dream. Return to reality, also can not make the heart "stable", because the fire of dreams can not be completely extinguished, In the moment of "coming back again", a circle of endless cycles is formed. The adventurous human being is trapped in the circle of fate as if he were "teased", and can never come out of it. Until the end of life. This path, is the "fate" arrangement, living people have nowhere to escape. As Heidegger said, existence is risk.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I551.074

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