解读《古老的孩子》中土著基奥瓦人的朴素生态观

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:00

本文选题：《古老的孩子》　切入点：生态整体观　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国土著文学(印第安文学)传统有着数千年的悠久历史,该文学传统的一个基本特点是口头性,题材大多是民间故事、歌谣、祈祷词和演讲词等;其另一个突出特征是具有浓重的大地情怀,包含朴素又深刻的生态哲理,关注人与自然的和谐共生。受60年代各种文化思潮和社会运动的影响,美国社会和文化发生了深刻的变化,少数族裔文学逐渐步入主流文化圈,土著文学也吸引了越来越多人的关注。土著作家司各特?莫马戴是印第安文学的领军人物,1969年他的代表作《黎明之屋》获得美国普利策文学奖,标志着美国印第安文艺复兴的开端。《古老的孩子》是莫马戴的另一部小说,目前并没有该小说的中文译本,已有学者从各个角度对《黎明之屋》做过研究,但是关于《古老的孩子》的研究却寥寥无几。本文试从生态批评角度出发,借助生态整体主义,人与自然的主体间性关系,生态女性批评以及处所理论等观点,进而梳理小说中土著基奥瓦人的朴素生态观念,为现代生态文明建设寻找一些启示。论文共分为六个部分,引言部分叙述莫马戴的生平,主要文学作品及成就。评述国内外对《古老的孩子》的研究现状及成果,进而提出本文的选题依据和研究价值。第一章集中阐述本研究涉及的理论及其框架,阐述生态批评理论,深入挖掘土著印第安文化中蕴含的生态意识,对生态批评研究的对象和本文中运用的生态批评理论进行详细的叙述。第二章探析作者司各特·莫马戴的生态观的三大渊源:莫马戴在土著基奥瓦保留地的生活经历;莫马戴受土著基奥瓦人的传统文化的影响;土著基奥瓦人的创世神话对莫马戴的潜移默化。第三章分析作品中土著基奥瓦人的朴素生态观:基奥瓦人的生态整体观及其对自然的热爱和敬畏之情;基奥瓦人大地之母神yG原型和女性中心传统中的女药师(祖母和年轻的女药师格雷)神奇的复原力量;土著人基奥瓦人的家园意识和乡愁思绪,以及他们内心挣扎之后回归家园的心路历程。第四章通过梳理土著基奥瓦人的朴素生态观,希望从中探寻对现代社会生态保护的启迪,旨在为现代社会的生态危机寻求解药,为现代生态文明建设寻找出路。小说给现代人的启示有:现代人应摒弃人类中心主义从而建立人与自然、人与动物平等友好的主体间性关系;现代人应感念大地之母的养育之恩,建立平等和谐的人际关系;现代人应唤醒自我内心的家园意识,在地球家园的诗意栖居。结论部分归纳前几章探讨的内容,强调指出:面对全球生态危机愈演愈烈,现代人也应与自然建立平等友好生死相依的关系;大地之母哺育了人类,现代人应对大地之母心怀感恩;现代人应在地球家园诗意栖居,回归自然,守护美丽家园。
[Abstract]:Native American Literature (Indian traditional literature) has a long history of thousands of years, one of the basic characteristics of the literary tradition is oral, themes are mostly folk stories, songs, prayers and speech; another prominent feature is the strong feelings of the earth, ecological philosophy contains profound and simple attention, symbiotic harmony between man and nature. In 60s, affected by various cultural thoughts and social movements, profound changes have taken place in American society and culture, minority literature gradually into the mainstream culture, aboriginal literature has also attracted more and more attention. The indigenous writer Scott? Momaday is the leader of the Indian literature. In 1969 his masterpiece "the dawn of the house" won the Pulitzer prize for literature, marked the beginning of the Renaissance in Indian. Old children > is another of Momaday's novels, the present is not the small Said Chinese translation, scholars on "dawn house > from all angles has done research, but the research about" oldest child is scanty. > the paper from the perspective of ecological criticism, with ecological holism, the subject of man and nature of the relationship between ecological and feminist criticism, place theory, simple the ecological idea and then comb the novel native Kiowa, looking for some inspiration for the construction of modern ecological civilization. The thesis is divided into six parts, the introduction part describes Momadai's life, the main literary works and achievements. The research status and achievements of the "oldest child > review at home and abroad, and then put forward the basis and research value of this paper the first chapter focuses on the theories involved and its framework, describes the theory of ecological criticism, excavate ecological consiousness indigenous culture in Indian, the study of ecological criticism As used in this article and ecological criticism theory in detail. The three chapter of the second origin of the ecological view of Scott Momaday: Momaday's life experience in the indigenous reservations affected by indigenous Kiowa Kiowa Momaday; traditional culture; subtle creation myths based on indigenous people of Iowa Momaday. The third chapter is the analysis of the native Kiowa works in simple ecological view: the overall ecological Kiowa concept and its love of nature and awe; female drug division Kiowa mother earth God yG prototype and women in traditional center (grandmother and young female pharmacist Gray) amazing resilience; native Kiowa home consciousness and nostalgic thoughts, and they return to their homes after the inner struggle course. In the fourth chapter, by combing the Kiowa native plain ecological view, hoping to search for Ecological protection of modern society in China, to seek the antidote for the ecological crisis of the modern society, find a way out for the construction of modern ecological civilization. The enlightenment to the modern novels: modern people should abandon the anthropocentrism so as to establish the main body of human and nature, human and animal friendly relationship between modern people should remember the earth; the mother's upbringing, to establish equal and harmonious interpersonal relationship; modern people should awaken a sense of home's inner self, in poetic home planet. The conclusion part summarizes the previous chapters of the content, stressed: in the face of global ecological crisis, modern people should also establish friendly relations of equality in life and death and the nature of the earth; the mother has nurtured the human, modern people should be thankful mother earth; the modern people should return to nature in the earth, poetic dwelling, protect the beautiful homes.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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