论《心是孤独的猎手》中的对话

发布时间：2018-03-28 17:56

本文选题：卡森·麦卡勒斯　切入点：《心是孤独的猎手》　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：卡森·麦卡勒斯是二十世纪美国最杰出的南方女作家之一。她的作品大部分都以二十世纪三、四十年代南方小镇为背景,通过描绘各种人群尤其是畸形和怪异人群,来表现“孤独”、“精神隔绝”、“异化”等主题。《心是孤独的猎手》就是这样一部作品,它主要描述了美国大萧条时期南方某小镇的下层民众在现代资本主义进程中经历的困惑和不适。这部作品独特的结构、丰富的人物和开放的结尾为本文从巴赫金的对话理论来对其进行解读提供了可能。本文试图运用巴赫金的对话理论研究《心是孤独的猎手》中的对话,并探讨其产生的美学效果。论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成,正文分为三章。第一章分析小说中的大型对话,即作者与主人公之间的新型对话关系和小说的对位结构。作品中五个主人公被作者客观、平等地赋予了不同的人物特征和思想意识,而赋格曲对位结构中“模仿”、“倒置”和人物并置等方法的运用使得小说的主题和人物关系清晰形象地表现出来。第二章重点分析作品中的微型对话：人物对话中的双声语；人物内心独白中的对话。在小说中,不同人物的表面对话下其实暗含着前后暗中互相呼应和内心感应式的对话,这是一种包含着对话的对话。此外五位主人公的内心充满了矛盾,他们总是和自己内心中的另一个声音在争论。第三章探讨小说中大型对话和微型对话所产生的美学效果。作者客观的新型立场确保了作品中人物的独立自我意识的充分自由刻画；开放的不确定结尾也为读者提供了无限的可能来解读小说,使作者与读者之间建立起良好的对话关系,从而赋予小说巨大的艺术魅力和价值。通过对主人公之间的对话及其内心独白的呈现,麦卡勒斯描绘出了美国社会工业化过程中各类人矛盾纠结的内心。他们性别、年龄、种族、信仰各不相同,都与外部社会隔绝,都渴望有人能理解他们的精神世界。这些孤独的灵魂在自我与他人的平等对话中认识生活,构建自我。同时沟通的失败、异化、贫穷、绝望构成了一幅大萧条时代南方小镇的现实图景,从而揭示出人类精神的孤独和隔绝是永恒又难以驱散的。本研究不仅能帮助读者更好地了解小说作者的新型创作立场和小说的赋格曲结构,而且有助于他们进一步理解二十世纪三十年代大萧条时期美国南方社会各类人群面临的生活困境和存在的社会问题,以及这种驱散不去的孤独所产生的深层原因,从而更好地理解这部作品所体现出来的孤独主题：孤独不仅存在于美国南方社会,全人类都是孤独的,而且孤独是无法逃避的。
[Abstract]:Carson McCullers is one of the most prominent southern women writers of the twentieth century. Most of her works are set in southern towns in the 1930s and 1940s, by depicting people, especially those who are deformed and weird. To show the themes of "loneliness", "spiritual isolation", "alienation" and so on. "Heart is a lonely hunter" is such a work. It mainly describes the confusion and discomfort experienced by the underclass in a small town in the South during the Great Depression in the course of modern capitalism. The rich characters and open ending provide the possibility for this paper to interpret Bakhtin's dialogue theory. This paper attempts to use Bakhtin's dialogue theory to study the dialogue in "Heart is a Lonely Hunter" and to explore its aesthetic effect. The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the large-scale dialogue in the novel, that is, the new dialogue relationship between the author and the protagonist and the structure of the novel. Giving equal meaning to different characters and ideas, However, the use of the methods of "imitation", "inversion" and juxtaposition of characters in the opposite structure of Fugue makes the theme and relationship of the characters clearly and vividly displayed. Chapter two focuses on the analysis of the miniature dialogue in the works: the double words in the character dialogue; The dialogue in the inner monologue of a character. In the novel, the superficial dialogue of different characters actually implies a tacitly reciprocal dialogue between the front and back and the inner inductive dialogue. This is a dialogue that involves dialogue. Besides, the five protagonists are filled with contradictions in their hearts. They are always arguing with another voice within themselves. Chapter three discusses the aesthetic effects of large-scale and micro-dialogue in the novel. The author's new objective stance ensures the independent self-awareness of the characters in the novel. The full freedom of characterization; The open and uncertain ending also provides the reader with unlimited possibilities to interpret the novel and to establish a good dialogue between the author and the reader. Through the dialogue between the protagonists and the presentation of their inner monologues, McCullers depicts the contradictions of various kinds of people in the process of American society's industrialization. Race, faith, isolation from the outside world, a desire for someone to understand their spiritual world. These lonely souls understand life and build themselves in the dialogue between themselves and others. At the same time communication fails, dissimilates. Poverty and despair constitute a realistic picture of the southern towns of the Great Depression, revealing that the isolation and isolation of the human spirit is eternal and difficult to dispel. This study can not only help readers better understand the novel author's new creative position and the fugue structure of the novel. It also helps them to better understand the plight of life and social problems faced by various groups of people in southern American society during the Great Depression of the 1930s, and the underlying causes of this lingering loneliness, In order to better understand the theme of loneliness embodied in this work: loneliness not only exists in the southern American society, all human beings are lonely, and loneliness is inescapable.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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