《长腿叔叔》的女性主义叙事权威

发布时间：2018-03-29 04:11

本文选题：《长腿叔叔》　切入点：社会语境　出处：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：珍·韦伯斯特是美国二十世纪初女作家,《长腿叔叔》是她的重要代表作。部分学者从儿童文学及女权主义角度对作品进行分析,深刻揭示作品的特色及内涵。本文借助女性主义叙事学对《长腿叔叔》中的权威意识进行分析,笔者认为在二十世纪初女性生存状况及个人成长经历的影响下,女作者韦伯斯特在文学创作过程中有意颠覆男权,提升女性地位,通过消除权威实现二者的平等与和谐。作者的权威意识以及对两性关系的理解和阐释具有积极的意义。除绪论和结论外,本文由四章构成。绪论介绍了国内外女性文学发展及女性作品《长腿叔叔》的研究现状,认为目前对该作品研究主要采取了儿童文学和女权主义批评的角度。然后,对女性主义叙事学进行了简要的叙述,最后介绍了韦伯斯特的文学成就及其《长腿叔叔》对社会产生的影响。第一章分析了韦伯斯特所处时代女性生存状况及韦伯斯特个人生活经历,揭示了这二者对韦伯斯特本人及其文学创作的重要影响。认为韦伯斯特希望通过文学创作对读者发言,表达对女性受教育、女性选举权、男女社会关系等社会问题的看法,以构建女性权威,通过作品对社会施加影响。第二章从叙事规约、叙事方式以及男性在叙事中的地位三个方面来分析作品,认为韦伯斯特在作品中对男性权威提出挑战。第一节依据艾丽森·凯斯叙事规约的观点,对《长腿叔叔》的情节进行分析,认为作品中女性主动编织情节违反了传统女性被动的叙事规约,意在反对男权。第二节将作品的“小叙事”与传统的“宏大叙事”相对比,分析叙事主题和形式的女性特质,如生活化、私语化、情节弱化等特点。第三节分析男性在叙事中的“他者”形象和地位,指出男性被客体化和矮化的状况与男权制中一贯以来强势的形象形成巨大反差,有助于颠覆男性权威。第三章从叙事声音、叙事视角、女性书写和叙事交流四个方面对《长腿叔叔》进行分析,指出韦伯斯特在叙事过程中有意建构女性权威。第一节指出作品通过女主人公婕茹莎的第一人称叙述,实现了作者、叙述者和女主人公的有机结合。韦伯斯特巧妙地运用书信体,通过婕茹莎致“长腿叔叔”的书信,向故事外读者即真实男性读者发话,申明自己的女性立场,由此实现了由“作者型叙述”到“个人型叙述”及“公开型叙事”和“私下型叙事”的灵活转变和相互渗透,提升了小说的叙事张力。第二节对作品的女性叙事视角进行分析,认为作品以女主人公婕茹莎为叙述者,通过第一人称进行自我经历的叙述,有利于使读者从女性角度观察事物,体会女性的处境,并更好地了解女性观。第三节分析《长腿叔叔》的叙事形式,即采用书信体和日记体结合的方式,完全契合了女性作家细腻敏感、私语化的交流方式。作者对这种叙事形式的灵活与成功的运用反映了她渴望获得话语权的愿望。第四节分析《长腿叔叔》的叙事交流模式。分别对故事层叙述者婕茹莎与受述者“长腿叔叔”及故事外韦伯斯特与读者的交流进行分析。认为作者借叙述者婕茹莎之口充分运用女性的发言权,体现女性主体意识,意在树立女性权威。第四章围绕作品中男性与女性的对抗展开论述,认为两性之间展开了一场权威争夺战,战争的结果是权威不复存在,双方进行和解,体现了男女平等与和谐。最终本文得出以下结论：韦伯斯特的创作来源于社会现实生活,她希望通过文学创作来反映她对各类社会问题的女性见解,以更好的改造和影响社会。作品中女性权威的树立是在反对和批判传统男性权威的基础中实现的；二者相辅相成、交相辉映,使作品叙事更生动、更有力量。作者并没有在权威上走向极端；她深刻意识到两性相互依赖的重要性,只有消解权威的存在,才能创造男性与女性的和谐。《长腿叔叔》中权威意识尽管有一定的时代局限性,但其中蕴含的女性自主和男女和谐共处的思想对当今时代仍有积极意义。
[Abstract]:Jane Webster is a female writer in the early 20th century . Her uncle , uncle , is an important representative . Some scholars analyze the works from the perspective of children ' s literature and feminism , and deeply reveal the features and connotation of the works .

In addition to the introduction and conclusion , this article is composed of four chapters .

In this paper , the author introduces the development of female literature at home and abroad as well as the research status of the research on women ' s works , and considers that the research of the works mainly adopts the angle of children ' s literature and feminist criticism . Then , a brief description of feminism narratology is introduced . Finally , the author introduces the literature achievement of Webster and the influence of his uncle on society .

The first chapter analyzes the women ' s living conditions and the personal experiences of Webster ' s personal life , reveals the important influence of both on Webster himself and his literary creation . It is believed that Webster wants to make a speech to the readers through literary creation , and express the views of the women ' s social problems such as education , women ' s suffrage and social relations between men and women , so as to build the authority of women and exert influence on society through the works .

In the second chapter , the author analyses his works in three aspects : narrative statutes , narrative ways and the position of men in the narrative . The first section analyzes the plot of the father ' s father ' s authority in his works . In the first section , the author points out that the female ' s active weaving in the works violates the traditional female ' s passive narrative statutes and is intended to oppose the men ' s rights . Section III analyzes the image and status of the male ' s " his " in the narrative , and points out that there is a great contrast between the state of the man ' s objectification and dwarfing and the consistent pattern of the patriarchal system , which helps to overthrow the authority of the male .

In the third chapter , the author points out that Webster ' s narrative form of narrative form of narrative form of narrative form of narrative is the author , the narrators and the heroine . In the third section , the author analyses the narrative form of the author , narrative and heroine .

The fourth chapter discusses the confrontation between men and women in the works , and argues that there is an authoritative struggle between the two sexes . The result of the war is that the authority does not exist , and the reconciliation between the two sides reflects the equality and harmony between men and women .

In the end , the author concludes that Webster ' s creation comes from the social reality , and she hopes to reflect her female opinions on various social problems through literary creation , so as to better transform and influence society . The establishment of women ' s authority in the works is realized on the basis of opposing and criticizing the traditional male authority ;
They complement each other , make the narrative of the work more vivid and more powerful . The author has not headed extreme in authority ;
She is deeply aware of the importance of mutual dependence , and can create the harmony between men and women only by dispelling the existence of authority .

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】