文本交织中的主题变奏：《达洛维夫人》、《时时刻刻》及其同名电影的互文叙事研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:27

本文选题：女性主义 + 叙事结构　；参考：《重庆大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国著名作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫被誉为二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。虽然她生前从未将自己视为女性主义者，但她对女性地位的思考和探索贯穿其作品始终。在文学创作上，她力求打破父权制下男性主导的文学叙事传统，建立属于女性自己的文学传统和语言，改变长久以来女性在男性文学传统内失声的状态，同时主张女性要改变几千年来从属于男性的现状，就必须寻求物质上独立，乃至精神上的独立。《达洛维夫人》是伍尔夫意识流小说代表作品，集中体现了伍尔夫的现代主义创作技巧和女性主义观点，对其后的英美作家影响深远。仅1998-2002年间就有《时时刻刻》《达洛维先生》《菲利普斯先生》三部致敬作品问世，其中最为知名的是美国作家迈克尔·坎宁安的小说《时时刻刻》。该小说1998年一经出版便引起美国文坛轰动，评论家纷纷为其精巧的叙事结构和对伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》的创造性互文感到震惊，甚至有学者将其视为《达洛维夫人》的现代修改版，小说获得当年的“福克纳小说奖”与翌年的“普利策小说奖”，根据其改编而成的同名电影斩获第60届金球奖和第75届奥斯卡9项提名。国内外关于《达洛维夫人》、《时时刻刻》及其同名改编电影的研究主要着眼于女性主义、主题、意象以及《达洛维夫人》和《时时刻刻》的互文性等方面，亦或对电影的非线性结构下的人物关系进行探讨，鲜有将三个文本放置在一起进行分析。而这样的分析实际上是很有意义的，，因为伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》，坎宁安的《时时刻刻》和影片《时时刻刻》三者在主题表达上存在逐层递进的关系。本论文在吸纳电影改编研究理论最新成果的基础上，结合小说和电影产生的时代文化语境，尝试运用女性主义来探讨三个文本对于女性主体意识问题在不同的社会和文化语境下做出的回答、阐释和呼应。本论文通过研究发现，基于不同的社会背景，三个文本通过不同的叙事结构和叙事角度对角色进行塑造，对女性主体意识给出了逐层完善的阐释。《达洛维夫人》中，伍尔夫打破刻板的时间秩序和传统的线性叙事结构模式，捕捉人物内心不断流动的意识之中有意义的瞬间，通过主人公的心理描写、众多旁观者的描述与评价，为观众拼接出克拉丽莎这一矛盾着的上层家庭女主人形象。通过描写两条平行叙事线索中达洛维夫人和塞普蒂默斯对生命的思考和各自不同的选择，反映出作者自己矛盾的人生观和对女性地位的艰苦探求。然而，囿于时代的局限性，伍尔夫给予女性的出路只有两条：或者是妥协地活，或者是以死作为抗争和解脱。而坎宁安在其小说《时时刻刻》中，一方面继承了伍尔夫的意识流写作风格和平行叙事结构，另一方面将三个生活在不同时代的女人在一天当中的故事以片段形式截取下来，打乱次序，将相近意象或主题进行拼贴组合，透过全知视点和三位女主人公内视点的切换揭示出不同社会历史环境下女性境遇的异同。这样小说《时时刻刻》与《达洛维夫人》形成了相互连接和指涉：前者中刻画的三位女主人公等同于伍尔夫的“达洛维夫人”在不同时期的影子形象。小说最后以三线相交为女性提供了生命的第三种选择，那就是自由的活，这一结局的安排体现了女性主体意识进一步觉醒。同名改编电影《时时刻刻》，充分利用了电影这种视听觉双重叙事的优势，通过电影画面、音响、话语、文字和音乐等多样化的表现渠道，对前两个文本的叙事进行进一步补充，赋予虚构世界中的作者伍尔夫以全能视点，借她之口揭示《达洛维夫人》的写作过程，通过平行蒙太奇对画面的剪辑，将另外两位女性的生活与伍尔夫的写作过程交织在一起，形成三位女性就女性境遇问题跨越时空的对话，实现了女性主体意识的真正完整觉醒。在叙事和主题表达上，三个文本之间形成了逐层递进的关系，逐步深化和完善了对女性境遇和出路的思考。本论文共分为五个部分：第一章简要介绍电影改编理论，三个文本间的互文，以及论文的结构、意义和文献综述。第二章简要梳理弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫主要女性主义观点。第三四两章分别从叙事结构和叙事视角出发，分析三个文本在女性主体意识主题上的逐层递进。第五章是结论，指出三个文本对女性主体意识给出了逐层完善的阐释,从整体上形成了实现女性自主的三部曲。
[Abstract]:Virginia Woolf, a famous British writer, has been praised as the pioneer of modernism and feminism in the twentieth Century. Although she never regarded herself as a feminist in her life, her thinking and exploration of the status of women throughout her works. In literary creation, she strives to break the literary narrative tradition of male dominated under the patriarchal system and establish her literary narrative. It is a woman's own literary tradition and language that changes the state of a woman who has lost his voice in the male literary tradition for a long time. At the same time, it advocates that women should change the status of men for thousands of years, and they must seek material independence and even spiritual independence. Mrs. darling > is the representative work of Woolf's stream of consciousness novels. Woolf's Modernist creative skills and feminist views have a profound influence on the later British and American writers. In only 1998-2002 years, there were three homage works, "Mr. Dalovi > Mr. Phillips >", the most famous of which was the novel of the American writer Michael Cunningham. The publication has caused a sensation in the American literary world. Critics have been shocked by its exquisite narrative structure and the creative intertextuality of Mrs. Woolf < Madame darling >. Even some scholars regard it as a modern revision of Madame Da Luo Wei. The novel won the "Faulkner Novel Award" and the next year's "Pulitzer novel Award", based on its adaptation. The film of the same name won the sixtieth golden ball award and the seventy-fifth Oscar 9 nominations.
At home and abroad, the research on Madame dalover, < at the time > and their homonymy films is mainly focused on feminism, themes, images, and the intertextuality of Madame Dalo, and < at the time >, or the relationship between the nonlinear structures of the film, and three texts are rarely placed together for analysis. This kind of analysis is really meaningful, because Woolf's "Mrs. dallock", Cunningham's "the time" and "the film" and "all the time" have a progressive relationship in the theme expression. This paper is based on the latest achievements in the theory of film adaptation research, and combines the cultural context of the novel and film in the context of the times. Try to use feminism to explore the answers, explanations and echoes of the three texts for women's subject consciousness in different social and cultural contexts.
Based on the different social background, the paper finds that the three texts are shaped through different narrative structures and narrative angles, and give a perfect explanation of the female subjective consciousness. < Mrs. darling >, Woolf breaks the stereotyped time order and the linear narrative structure mode to capture the innermost feelings of the characters. Through the heroine's psychological description and the description and evaluation of the numerous bystanders, the images of the contradictory upper family hostess of Clarissa are spliced by the protagonist. Through the description of two parallel narrative clues, Madame de Los and SEP Timothy's thinking of life and their different choices, It reflects the author's own contradictory outlook on life and the hard exploration of the status of women. However, limited to the limitations of the times, there are only two ways for Woolf to give women a way of living, or by death as a struggle and relief.
On the one hand, Cunningham inherited Woolf's writing style and parallel narrative structure in his novels, on the one hand, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the three women who lived in different times intercepted the stories in one day, disrupted the sequence, collage the similar images or themes, through the omniscient view and three The switch of the inner view of the heroine reveals the similarities and differences of the situation of women in different social and historical circumstances. This novel is connected to and refers to Madame darling: the three heroines depicted in the former are equivalent to the shadow image of Woolf's "Madame Da louri" in the different period. The novel is finally three. Line intersection provides women with the third choice of life, that is, the freedom to live. The arrangement of this ending reflects the further awakening of female subjectivity.
The film of the same name, "time and time", makes full use of the advantages of the audiovisual dual narrative of the film. Through the diversified channels of film, sound, discourse, words and music, the narrative of the first two texts is further supplemented, and the author of the fictitious world, Woolf, is endowed with the omnipotent point of view of "dalloi" by her mouth. In the writing process of Lady >, through the editing of parallel montage to the picture, the life of the other two women intertwined with Woolf's writing process, forming a dialogue between three women on the problem of women's situation across time and space, realizing the true and complete awakening of women's subjective consciousness. In the narrative and theme expression, the formation of the three texts is formed. The progressive relationship has gradually deepened and perfected the thinking of women's situation and way out.
This thesis is divided into five parts: the first chapter briefly introduces the film adaptation theory, the intertextual Intertextuality between the three texts, and the structure, significance and literature review of the paper. The second chapter briefly combs the main feminist views of Virginia Woolf. Chapter 342 analyzes the three texts from the narrative structure and the narrative perspective. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the theme of body consciousness. It is the conclusion that the three texts give a perfect explanation to the female subjective consciousness, and form the trilogy of realizing women autonomy from the whole.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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