安全感的缺乏：《榆树下的欲望》中爱碧的悲剧解析

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:20

本文选题：尤金·奥尼尔 + 《榆树下的欲望》　；参考：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：尤金·奥尼尔(1888-1953)是美国最著名的剧作家,被誉为“美国现代戏剧之父”。他的生活经历曲折,并对其创作产生了重大影响。尤金·奥尼尔几乎所有的戏剧都有自传性质。《榆树下的欲望》是他最著名的戏剧之一,被读者和观众看做是他的一部无意识自传,并且把女主人公爱碧悲剧的原因归咎于奥尼尔有意的设计。剧本白出版以来,无数的学者便从不同角度对该剧进行分析研究,尤其是对造成爱碧悲剧的原因众说纷纭,莫衷一是。在前人研究的基础上,本文旨在从一个较新的理论角度解读与剖析爱碧悲剧致因——即安全感的缺乏。安全感作为一个重要的心理学概念,首次出现在弗洛伊德的精神分析著作中,而后其他学者对其进行不断完善,并进行较为深入全面的研究,从而演化成了一种非常重要的心理学和社会学理论。该理论揭示了人们缺乏安全感的原因,安全感缺乏所带来的危害以及建立安全感的方法。论文通过对安全感理论的运用和对剧本《榆树下的欲望》的文本分析,探讨了主人公爱碧安全感缺乏的原因,并深入分析了爱碧为了追寻安全感而采取的一系列行为,以及这样的行为给爱碧本人和家人带来的痛苦。她的悲剧是现实社会中千千万万与她相似的女性的悲剧；她的悲剧也为现代社会中的女性敲响了警钟。论文除引言和结语外,共分四章。引言部分概述了尤金·奥尼尔的生平和他的戏剧《榆树下的欲望》,文献综述以及论文要探讨的主要问题和研究的重要性。论文第一章是理论框架。首先是拉康关于安全感的理论,它关注个人成长的过程,婴儿缺乏最初的安全感的原因,以及它如何弥补由于母亲缺席而造成的失落感并且最终如何获得安全感的；其次是其他学者对安全感理论的贡献及他们的主要观点,尤其是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和马斯洛等学者对安全感的理论建树及其理论精髓。第二章探讨爱碧缺乏安全感的原因。它包括三部分内容,首先,尤金·奥尼尔的悲惨生活及安全感的缺失是他塑造同样也缺乏安全感的女性主人公的动因。其次,剧中爱碧所处的特定社会环境导致了她安全感的缺乏。第三,论文再现了处于安全感缺乏状态下的爱碧的悲惨生活处境及她安全感缺乏的其他表现。通过以上分析可以看出,是内部因素和外部因素共同造就了爱碧安全感的缺乏。第三章探讨爱碧对不同安全感的渴望：物质安全感和精神安全感。本章主要研究爱碧是如何追求物质和精神安全感的,以及她如何一步步从物质安全感的追求转变为对精神安全感的追求的。第四章分析了爱碧对安全感的过分追求给她和周围的人带来的悲剧。由于她不懂得适时地控制膨胀的欲望,她的欲望衍生出可怕的破坏力量。她的内心充满了对安全感的强烈的欲望,这种强烈的欲望不但导致了她自己的悲剧,也导致了伊本和凯博特的悲剧。最后是全文的结语。论文通过运用安全感理论对尤金·奥尼尔戏剧《榆树下的欲望》的文本分析,揭示出爱碧的悲剧是由于她对安全感过分的追求造成的。她的悲剧对于我们现代人也同样具有警示意义：当我们面对各种欲望,尤其是对安全感的渴望的时候,我们要用恰当的方式来获得安全感的适度满足,并且要懂得适时地控制自己膨胀的欲望,这样才能避免类似悲剧的发生。
[Abstract]:Eugene ONeil (1888-1953), the most famous playwright in the United States, is known as the "father of American modern drama". His life has been tortuous and has a great influence on his creation. Almost all of Eugene ONeil's plays have the nature of autobiography. < the lust under the elm > is one of his most famous plays and is regarded by readers and audience as him. An unconscious autobiography and attributed the heroine's tragedy to O'neal's deliberate design.
Since the publication of the script, numerous scholars have analyzed the play from different angles, especially the reasons for the cause of the tragedy of ebb. On the basis of previous studies, this paper aims to interpret and analyze the cause of the tragedy of ABI from a new theoretical point of view - the lack of a sense of security.
The sense of security, as an important psychological concept, first appeared in Freud's psychoanalysis works, and then other scholars have perfected it and carried on a more thorough and comprehensive study, which has evolved into a very important theory of psychology and sociology. The harm caused by total deficiency and the way to establish a sense of security.
Through the use of the theory of security and the text analysis of the desire under the elm, the paper discusses the reasons for the lack of the protagonist's sense of security, and analyzes the series of actions she takes to pursue the sense of security, and the pain that such behavior brings to her and his family. Her tragedy is a real society. Tens of thousands of women are tragedies similar to her; her tragedy also sounded the alarm for women in modern society.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four chapters.
The introduction outlines the life of Eugene ONeil and his drama "the desire under the elm", the literature review and the main problems to be discussed and the importance of the study.
The first chapter is the theoretical framework. First, Lacan's theory of sense of security is concerned with the process of personal growth, the reasons for the lack of the initial sense of security for the baby, and how it makes up for the sense of loss caused by the absence of the mother and how to eventually secure a sense of security; secondly, the contribution of other scholars to the sense of security and their contribution to the sense of security. The main points, especially the theoretical contribution of Sigmund Floyd and Maslow to the sense of security and its theoretical essence.
The second chapter discusses the reason why ABI's lack of security. It includes three parts. First, Eugene ONeil's tragic life and the lack of security are the reasons for the female heroine who has created the same lack of security. Secondly, the specific social environment in the play leads to the lack of her sense of security. Third, the paper reappears. In the absence of a sense of security, ABI's tragic life situation and other manifestations of her lack of security can be seen through the above analysis that internal and external factors contribute to the lack of a sense of security in ABI.
The third chapter discusses ABI's desire for different sense of security: material security and spiritual security. This chapter focuses on how ABI's pursuit of material and spiritual security, and how she moves from the pursuit of material security to the pursuit of spiritual security.
The fourth chapter analyses the tragedy of ABI's excessive pursuit of sense of security to her and the people around him. Because she does not know how to control the desire of expansion in time, her desire derives a terrible destructive force. Her heart is filled with a strong desire for security, which not only leads to her own tragedy, but also leads to her own tragedy. The tragedy of Eben and Cabot.
By using the theory of sense of security to analyze the text of Eugene ONeil's desire under the elm, the paper reveals that the tragedy of ebb is due to her excessive pursuit of security. Her tragedy is also a warning to our modern people: when we face various desires, especially to Ann At the time of full sense of desire, we have to use the appropriate way to obtain the appropriate satisfaction of the sense of security, and to understand the desire to control your own expansion in a timely manner, in order to avoid similar tragedies.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073

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