安徒生童话中概括词运用情况的语料库研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 10:54

本文选题：安徒生童话 + 词汇衔接　；参考：《太原理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今社会人们越来越重视孩子的教育,在他们早期的认知阶段,童话大大促进了儿童的发展。在所有的童话故事中,安徒生童话早已赢得广泛声誉。自从1916年童话出版以来,童话的研究也引起了国内外广大学者的特别关注。近来,安徒生童话的研究视角已经逐渐增加,很少有人从词汇衔接的角度对其进行研究,而对于安徒生童话中概括词的研究更是空白。本文是以韩礼德和哈桑的词汇衔接和概括词理为基础对安徒生童话中概括词使用进行的研究。根据韩礼德和哈桑的概括词理论,本文将安徒生童话中的概括词分为了7类。这篇文章的主要研究步骤有：(1)从安徒生童话中选取出60篇关于不同主题的文章,并且将它们录入到电脑中。(2)在导师对文本符码培训并且测试通过的情况下,找同方向的两个研究生分别对文本进行标注,直到取得一致性为止。(3)用Antconc and SPSS软件对每类概括词的分布状况进行统计。(4)然后对每一类中过度使用的概括词在文本中的作用进行举例和分析。(5)对安徒生童话中这7类概括词的特点进行总结,希望能够促进文学作品的教学,在一定程度上降低儿童理解童话语篇的难度。研究结果包括：(1)根据统计,安徒生童话中的概括词的数量占据了总字数的21.03%,表明了概括词在安徒生童话中承担着重要的角色。(2)在7种概括词中,表示人类的概括名词有28种,它在这7中概括词中的比率占到了41.1%,刚刚少于其它种类的概括的数量。(3)与表人类的概括名词相比,非人类有生命的概括词的比率只占到了7.9%。在这类词中,最经常使用的词是“花”象征着幸福和甜蜜,就像孩子们的童年一样。(4)至于表示无生命的具体物质词,虽然它在安徒生童话中出现的次数是419,但它只是由13种不同的词组成的,这类词的具体解读必须依靠它的上下文语境。(5)因为表无生命的抽象词过于抽象表达的特点,所以对于孩子来说,这类词在安徒生童话中的使用是一个难点.(6)由于动作名词大部分都是由动词转化而来,它在文本中使用时主要表示做某事的动作或者过程,有时候它表达一种抽象的概念,有时候指它在某一特定语境中所指的一个具体的行为。(7)事实名词在安徒生童话中的使用,通常是用来表达作者的观点,对某一事物本质的陈述或者对某一事件的判断。(8)作为概括词之一,地点名词不仅可以指一个广泛的位置,而且可以指一些与这一“位置”引申意义下的一些其它概念,比如上帝的房子。此外作者还对安徒生童话中概括词的特点做了一些总结：(1)指称性,在安徒生童话中,为了避免指示词的简单重复,概括词经常用来指代上文中提到的一些词,在某种程度上,这种现象和韩礼德和哈桑在1976年提出的回指理论是一样的。(2)低可及性,低可及性是概括词的一个显著特点,由于概括词的信息含量比较广泛,所以在对它的解读上,人们所付出的努力要远远超于其它词。(3)高概括性,顾名思义,概括性是概括词区别于其它名词的一个主要特征,在一定程度上,一个概括词所表达的意思,可能包含这一类概括词中的其它所有词的词义,但不能够具体化到某一特定的词项。(4)开放性和人际功能性。开放性指的是概括词的使用不受到任何语法规则的限制。人际功能性指的是作者在选取概括词时,可以加入自己的一些感情因素,这一方式可以通过概括词前加入一些表情感因素的限定词来实现。(5)不对等性,正如前面所陈述,安徒生童话中的概括词常用来回指上文提到的某一事物,而这一指称项和概括词是一一对应的,但动作名词是一个例外,它通常所指的是一个抽象的动作或过程,所以它在前文中的所指项不能够被很清晰的辨认出。总之,除了对安徒生童话中概括词的分布和频率的描述,以及每一类概括词中的典型过度使用概括词的描述外,本文的另外一个重要的贡献是对安徒生童话中概括词特点的总结,希望这一视角的安徒生童话的研究,能够帮助到童话教学和赏析,并且受益于孩子。
[Abstract]:In today's society people pay more and more attention to the education of children. In their early cognitive stage, the fairy tales greatly promoted the development of children. In all the fairy tales, Andersen's fairy tales have already won extensive reputation. Since the publication of fairy tales in 1916, the study of fairy tales has attracted special attention from many scholars both at home and abroad. Recently, Andersen The perspective of the study of fairy tales has gradually increased. Few people have studied it from the angle of lexical cohesion, but the research on the generalizations in Andersen's fairy tales is more blank.
This article is based on the lexical cohesion of Hallidy and Hassan and the theory of general words in Andersen's fairy tales. According to Hallidy and Hassan's theory of summary words, this paper divides the summary words in Andersen fairy tales into 7 categories. The main research steps of this article are as follows: (1) select 60 points out of Andersen fairy tales. Articles on different topics and input them into the computer. (2) two postgraduates in the same direction are tagged in the same direction when the tutor is trained and tested. (3) Antconc and SPSS software is used to count the distribution of each class of generalizations. (4) and then each An example and analysis of the role of a class of overused generalizations in the text. (5) summarize the characteristics of these 7 generalizations in Andersen's fairy tales, hoping to promote the teaching of literary works and reduce the difficulty of children's understanding of fairy tales to a certain extent.
The results include: (1) according to statistics, the number of generalizations in Andersen's fairy tales occupies 21.03% of the total number of words, indicating that the generalizations play an important role in Andersen's fairy tales. (2) among the 7 generalizations, there are 28 generalizations of human nouns, which account for 41.1% in the 7 generalizations, just less than the other species. The number of generalizations of the class. (3) compared with the generalized nouns of the table man, the ratio of non human to life generalizations only accounts for 7.9%. in these words. The most frequently used word is "flower", which symbolizes happiness and sweetness, just like children's childhood. (4) as for the concrete words of no life, although it appears in Andersen's Fairy Tales The number of times is 419, but it is only made up of 13 different words. The specific interpretation of this kind of word must depend on its context. (5) because the inanimate abstract words are too abstract to express, so for children, the use of such words in Andersen's fairy tales is a difficult point. (6) most of the action nouns are moved by movement. In text, it is mainly used to express the action or process of doing something. Sometimes it expresses an abstract concept, sometimes refers to a specific behavior in a particular context. (7) the use of the fact noun in Andersen's fairy tales is often used to express the author's views and to the nature of a certain thing. A statement or judgment of an event. (8) as one of the generalizations, a place noun can not only refer to a broad position, but also to refer to some other concepts in the extended meaning of this "position", such as the house of God.
In addition, the author makes a summary of the characteristics of Andersen's Fairy Tales: (1) referential, in Andersen's fairy tales, in order to avoid the simple repetition of the deixis, the generalizations are often used to refer to some of the words mentioned above, to some extent, the same as the theory of the anaphora proposed by Hallidy and Hassan in 1976. 2) low accessibility and low accessibility are a remarkable feature of the generalizations. As the information content of the generalizations is more extensive, the effort to interpret it is far more than the other words. (3) high generality, as the name suggests, is a major feature that distinguishes the word from other nouns, to a certain extent, one The meaning expressed in a general word may contain the meaning of all the other words in the generalizations, but can not be specific to a particular term. (4) openness and interpersonal function. Openness refers to the use of generalizations that are not restricted by any grammatical rules. Interpersonal function refers to the author's ability to choose generalizations. Adding some of your emotional factors, this way can be achieved by summarizing the determinant of some emotional factors before the word is summed up. (5) unequal, as stated earlier, the generalizations in Andersen's fairy tales are often used to refer to something mentioned above, and this refers to a one-to-one correspondence between the term and the generalizations, but the action nouns are An exception, it usually refers to an abstract action or process, so it can not be clearly identified in the preceding paragraph.
In addition, in addition to the description of the distribution and frequency of the generalizations of Andersen's fairy tales and the description of the typical overuse generalizations in each category, the other important contribution of this article is the summary of the characteristics of the general words in Andersen's fairy tales. It is hoped that the study of Andersen's fairy tales in this perspective can help the teaching of fairy tales. And appreciation, and benefit from children.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H315;I534.078

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