摆脱“他者”身份，寻求自由之路—对《金色笔记》中女性“他者”的研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 12:07

本文选题：《金色笔记》 + 主体性　；参考：《鲁东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：多丽丝·莱辛（1919-2013）是英国二十世纪最杰出的女性作家之一，被誉为“女性经验的史诗作者”。作为莱辛最有代表性的小说，《金色笔记》以其对现代女性问题的高度关注与深刻剖析，对现代女性在混乱的当代社会中生活和思想状况生动、详细的再现，受到评论界和读者的广泛赞誉，成为世界文学经典之一。尽管莱辛本人并不承认《金色笔记》是一部女性主义小说，但读者在细读文本之后就会发现，这部作品以女性性别意识为中心，揭示他们在各自不同的境况中建构自我的过程。根据“他者”的理论，自我是在与他者的对立中确定自己的存在的。本文即以波伏娃的《第二性》中有关女性的“他者”理论作为基础，在文本细读的基础上，对《金色笔记》中女性人物争取自由女性地位的境况进行深入研究，剖析这些女性因其性别身份在婚姻、爱情等方面被他者化的处境，分析现代女性失去主体性成为“他者”的原因，探讨女性摆脱“他者”身份寻求自由之路。《金色笔记》描写了以马莉恩为代表的传统家庭主妇和以安娜和莫莉为代表的独立的“自由女性”在现代社会中各自所面临的婚姻、情感和母亲责任等方面的困境。其中，马莉恩为家庭付出一切，却在精神和经济两方面受到丈夫的控制，过着没有自我的痛苦生活。与马莉恩相比，“自由女性”安娜和莫莉摆脱了传统婚姻的束缚，并且取得了经济独立，然而她们并没有获得真正的自由：安娜没有摆脱在情感上对男性的依靠，，在与男性相处的过程中精神备受压迫，继而丧失了独立性和主体性；而莫莉为母亲的责任所束缚，特别是她儿子汤米的失明令莫莉的内心深陷痛苦与自责。小说探讨了马莉恩、安娜和莫莉因其女性身份所带来的痛苦与无助，揭示她们在自我构建过程中都不同程度地陷入了“他者”地位。然而，这些女性并不是天生的“他者”，而是在在父权制思想、女性气质及男性和社会的压迫之下逐渐失去主体性被异化为“他者”的。所幸，这些女性并没有顺从于“他者”的被动地位，而是选择以反叛精神努力寻求真正意义上的自由，特别是心灵的自由。在汤米的帮助下，马莉恩逐渐认识到自己在婚姻中的被动性，最终摆脱了婚姻的枷锁，寻求个人的价值与幸福。安娜在索尔的帮助和支持下，摆脱了失败的爱情带给她的痛苦，找到了人生的意义和价值。莫莉经历过人生的风雨，对自由和婚姻有了新的认识，最终选择了回归婚姻。这些女性在积极对抗传统的父权观念的压迫和女性气质的束缚、寻求个人主体性的同时，也意识到两性之间相互理解、相互帮助的重要作用，从而最终摆脱了“他者”身份，获得了真正的自由。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessing 1919-2013) is one of the most outstanding female writers in the 20th century in England and is known as the epic author of female experience. As Lessing's most representative novel, the Golden Notebook is a vivid and detailed representation of modern women's life and ideological situation in the chaotic contemporary society with their high attention to and profound analysis of modern women's problems. Widely praised by critics and readers, it has become one of the world's literary classics. Although Lessing himself does not admit that the Golden Notebook is a feminist novel, after reading the text carefully, readers will find that the work centers on the gender consciousness of women and reveals the process of self-construction in their different situations. According to the "other" theory, the self determines its existence in opposition to the other. Based on the "other" theory about women in Bovova's "second Sex", and on the basis of careful reading of the text, this paper makes an in-depth study on the situation of female characters fighting for the status of free women in the Golden Notebook. In this paper, the author analyzes the situation that these women are changed into others because of their gender identity, such as marriage and love, analyzes the reasons why modern women lose their subjectivity and becomes "other", and probes into the free way for women to get rid of the identity of "other". The Golden Notebook depicts the plight of the traditional housewives represented by Marion and the independent "free women" represented by An Na and Molly in marriage, emotion and maternal responsibility in modern society. Among them, Marion paid everything for the family, but in the spiritual and economic aspects of the husband's control, leading a miserable life without self. Compared to Marion, "Free woman" An Na and Molly got out of the bondage of traditional marriage and achieved financial independence, but they did not get real freedom: An Na did not get rid of the emotional dependence on men. In the process of getting along with men, the spirit is oppressed, and then she loses her independence and subjectivity, and Molly is bound by her mother's responsibilities, especially her son Tommy's blindness, which makes her heart deeply painful and self-remorse. The novel explores the pain and helplessness of Marion, An Na and Molly because of their female identity, and reveals that they all fall into the position of "the other" to varying degrees in the process of self-construction. However, these women are not born "other", but gradually lose their subjectivity and become "other" under the oppression of patriarchal ideology, femininity and male and social. Fortunately, these women did not submit to the passive position of the "other", but chose to seek true freedom, especially the freedom of the mind, with a rebellious spirit. With Tommy's help, Marion gradually realized his passivity in marriage and finally got rid of the shackles of marriage and sought personal value and happiness. With the help and support of Saul, An Na got rid of the pain caused by failed love and found the meaning and value of life. Molly had experienced the storm of life, had a new understanding of freedom and marriage, and finally chose to return to marriage. While actively resisting the oppression of the traditional patriarchal concept and the bondage of femininity, these women, while seeking personal subjectivity, also realize the important role of mutual understanding and help between the two sexes, thus finally getting rid of the "other" identity. Got real freedom.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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