论英爱作家斯威夫特的爱尔兰身份

发布时间：2018-05-29 17:13

本文选题：乔纳森·斯威夫特 + 政治　；参考：《电子科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔纳森·斯威夫特作为十八世纪英国重要的文学人物之一，是讽刺性散文的代表作家，他的英文经典著作《格列佛游记》出版近三个世纪以来一直畅销。除了这部作品之外，斯威夫特还创作有许多关于政治、宗教以及语言的散文和书信。作为英爱新教政治家，他受到英爱两国文化的影响，在其作品中所表现出的矛盾性尤其值得研究。通过对国内外相关研究的了解与分析，笔者发现国外的研究已经比较系统深入，国外研究的重点是在他叛党的形象以及爱尔兰爱国者形象上做探讨，但在一篇文章里结合三方面讨论斯威夫特矛盾性和身份的还有所欠缺；而在国内，关于《格列佛游记》的研究有许多，但对其散文和书信的研究还比较少。所以本文重点解读斯威夫特的散文和书信，从政治、宗教和语言三方面来分析，并结合文本创作的历史文化语境，来分析他的矛盾性，试图揭示斯威夫特的爱尔兰身份。除了引言和结论，本文主要分为三部分。引言主要简述斯威夫特的生平和文学影响，，通过国内外研究综述，指出当前研究的不足以及本文的创新点和基本结构。第一章讨论斯威夫特的政治观。在英国政坛，他因为宗教上的原因，从最初为辉格党服务到后来为托利党服务。他对自己被任命为都柏林圣帕特里克大教堂主教感到失望，展现了他对英国政坛和文化的渴望。但是回到爱尔兰，随着对爱尔兰的深入了解，他逐渐参与到爱尔兰反抗英国殖民压迫中，他的爱尔兰意识也随着《书商的信》以及《一个小小的建议》的创作逐渐萌芽。第二章讨论斯威夫特的宗教观。他对新教的信仰以及对天主教和新教持异议者的不包容反映在了其《木桶的故事》和《反对废除基督教》这两部作品中。鉴于他终身效忠的是爱尔兰新教，而非英国国教，这一点让他积极为爱尔兰教争取与英国国教相同的权益，而其爱尔兰身份也表现在其对爱尔兰及其人民的同情和善行上面。第三章讨论斯威夫特的语言观。他对标准英语的支持以及在语言上的态度反映出的他对英国文化的倾向，但他在个人文学创作实践中却与自己的语言观相矛盾，这一点在其诗歌、书信以及散文上都有表现，他用爱尔兰语在语言层面上反抗英国的霸权，同时，他晚年选择爱尔兰作为其作品的发表印刷地也反映出其逐渐形成的爱尔兰身份。通过分析斯威夫特在政治、宗教和语言三方面的散文和书信，伴随着斯威夫特一生的矛盾性有机地集合起来，展现了他深受英爱两国文化的双重影响。十八世纪初英国扩大对爱尔兰的殖民，作为这个背景下的英爱作家，斯威夫特的爱尔兰意识开始萌芽。他在作品中同情爱尔兰，反抗英国霸权，试图唤起人民的独立意识，展现了他承担起爱尔兰守护者的身份，对爱尔兰以后的独立影响颇深。
[Abstract]:Jonathan Swift, as one of the most important literary figures in the 18th century, is the representative writer of satirical prose. His classic English book, Gulliver's Journey, has been popular for nearly three centuries. In addition to this work, Swift wrote many essays and letters about politics, religion, and language. As a Protestant statesman in Britain and Ireland, he was influenced by the culture of Britain and Ireland, and the contradiction in his works is worth studying. Through the understanding and analysis of the relevant research at home and abroad, the author finds that the research abroad has been more systematic and in-depth, and the emphasis of foreign research is to discuss the image of his rebel party and the image of the Irish patriot. However, there are still some deficiencies in discussing Swift's contradiction and identity in one article, while in China, there are many studies on Gulliver's travels, but there are few studies on his prose and letters. Therefore, this paper focuses on the interpretation of Swift's prose and letters, analyzes his contradiction from three aspects of politics, religion and language, and combines the historical and cultural context of text creation, and tries to reveal Swift's Irish identity. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into three parts. The introduction mainly describes Swift's life and literary influence, and points out the deficiency of current research and the innovation and basic structure of this paper through the summary of domestic and foreign research. The first chapter discusses Swift's political view. In British politics, he worked for the Whigs for religious reasons and later for the Tories. His disappointment at his appointment as bishop of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin shows his desire for British politics and culture. But when he returned to Ireland, he gradually took part in the Irish resistance to British colonial oppression, and his Irish consciousness began to sprout with the creation of Letters of booksellers and a small proposal. The second chapter discusses Swift's religious view. His faith in Protestantism and his intolerance of Catholicism and Protestant dissidents are reflected in his stories of barrels and against the abolition of Christianity. Given his lifelong allegiance to the Protestant Church of Ireland, not the Church of England, this led him to actively fight for the same rights as the Church of England, and his Irish identity was manifested in his sympathy and good deeds for Ireland and its people. The third chapter discusses Swift's view of language. His support for standard English and his linguistic attitude reflect his tendency towards English culture, but he contradicts his linguistic views in his personal literary practice, which is reflected in his poems, letters and prose. In his later years, he chose Ireland as the publishing place for his works, which also reflected his gradually forming Irish identity. Through the analysis of Swift's prose and letters in political, religious and linguistic aspects, and with the contradictory nature of Swift's life, it shows that Swift is deeply influenced by the culture of Britain and France. Britain expanded its colonization of Ireland in the early 18 th century. Under this background, Swift's Irish consciousness began to sprout. In his works, he sympathizes with Ireland, resists British hegemony, tries to arouse people's consciousness of independence, and shows that he takes on the status of Irish guardian and has a deep influence on the independence of Ireland after that.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.06

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