《一九八四》中的压迫与反抗

发布时间：2018-05-31 09:07

本文选题：极权主义 + 压迫　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔治·奥威尔是英国著名的左翼作家,他终其一生投身于文学创作,抨击极权政治,目的是为了警醒世人,警惕极权主义对民主的侵害。在小说《一九八四》中,作者虚构了一个未来的世界,在这里,人们被极权统治压迫得喘不过来气。故事的背景设置在1984年,当时的世界被分为三个超级大国,大洋国,东亚国和欧亚国,主角是当时的大洋国。大洋国由英国社会主义政党统治,简称英社,它的代表人物是老大哥,宣扬对老大哥纯粹的热爱和思想正统,也就是对英社的维护。如果人们违背这个准则,无论是党员还是群众,都会受到严厉的惩罚,主要包括身体摧残和精神折磨。英社主要通过电屏来监督人们的言行举止,还有神出鬼没的思想警察在暗地里观察人们的思想是否正统。除此之外,英社残忍的割裂了人与人之间的感情,小孩子从小被培育成间谍,监视自己家人的言行；夫妻之间没有纯粹的爱情,只是为了完成英社的交代的任务而成为夫妇,他们的任务就是生产出小孩供英社训练和洗脑；人们之间没有友情,唯一的关系就是同事,并且鼓励同事之间相互举发。更为严重的是,英社为了阻止思想犯罪,不断的消灭语言和文字,以至于人们没有词语来表达自己的想法,这样就能阻止思想犯罪。在这种极端压迫的环境下,人们不自觉地违反了英社准则,很多人都犯了思想罪。比如温斯顿,文中的主人公,一直仇恨着英社和老大哥,自己秘密地违背英社的许多规定,最后甚至要加入地下党来推翻英社,结果却以失败告终。文中另一个主人公茱莉亚,也是反叛者之一,她是温斯顿的情人,只是她的反抗没有温斯顿的深刻,她只是想表面上绝对遵守英社的规定而私底下违反一些规定来享受自己的生活。无论怎么样,大家的反抗都以失败结尾,沉重的打击了读者,也是为了警示读者,极权政治的恐怖与残忍,需要大家警惕和共同反抗。
[Abstract]:George Orwell is a famous left-wing writer in England. He devoted his whole life to literary creation and attacked totalitarian politics in order to alert the world and guard against the encroachment of totalitarianism on democracy. In the novel 1984, the author makes up a world of the future, where people are oppressed by totalitarianism. The story is set in 1984, when the world was divided into three superpowers, Oceania, East Asia and Eurasia, with the protagonist Oceania. Oceania is ruled by the British Socialist Party. Its representative character is Big Brother, who preaches pure love and ideological orthodoxy for Big Brother, that is, the maintenance of British Society. If people violate this principle, both Party members and the masses will be severely punished, mainly physical and mental torture. The agency monitors people's behavior mainly through screens, and spooky thought police secretly observe the orthodoxy of people's minds. In addition, the British Society mercilessly severed the feelings between people. Children were bred as spies from an early age to monitor the words and deeds of their families. There was no pure love between the husband and wife, but only to fulfill the mission of the British Society and become a couple. Their task is to produce children for training and brainwashing; there is no friendship between people, the only relationship is colleagues, and encourage colleagues to raise hair. What is more, in order to prevent the ideological crime, the English Society constantly eliminates the language and writing, so that people have no words to express their ideas, so that they can prevent the ideological crime. In this extremely oppressive environment, people unconsciously violated the norms of the British Society, many of them committed ideological crimes. For example, Winston, the protagonist in the text, has always hated the British Society and Big Brother, secretly disobeying many of its rules and even joining the underground party to overthrow the British Society, only to fail. Julia, the other protagonist in the passage, is also one of the rebels. She is Winston's lover, but her resistance is not as profound as Winston's. She just wanted to enjoy her life on the surface by obeying the rules of the British Society and breaking the rules in private. In any case, everyone's revolt ended with failure, which hit the reader hard and warned readers that the terror and cruelty of totalitarian politics needed our vigilance and common resistance.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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