福柯式解读《黄色壁纸》中的话语与权力

发布时间：2018-06-03 10:11

本文选题：话语 + 权力　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文利用福柯理论探索夏洛特·柏金斯·吉尔曼《黄色壁纸》中的话语关系和权力机制。全文共包括引言部分，两个章节和结语四个部分。正文两章分别讨论小说中的话语与权力问题。第一章分两个部分，分别讨论小说文本内外两种不同的话语关系。作为《黄色壁纸》背景的十九世纪的美国社会存在两种竞争话语：一种是父权制社会对完美女性的标准，另一种则是伴随女性运动而逐渐兴起的新女性的声音。在吉尔曼所处的男性话语为主导的时代，女性受困于“完美女性标准”，她们被限制在家庭中操持家务相夫教子。然而随着女性运动的发展，，以吉尔曼为代表的新女性出现了，她们开始挣脱家庭束缚参与到公共事务当中。而与此巧合的一件事是，当时有一大批中产阶级知识女性同时也是女性运动的主力军开始陷入精神疾病而不得不接受精神病医生的治疗。著名神经学家密区将此归咎于她们对公共事务的过多参与，因为女性与男性不同的生理构造使她们无法承担过多的脑力劳动。在吉尔曼的小说中，在他的休息疗法的帮助下，这一医学观点便将原本父权制与新女性的话语对峙转为精神病人与医学话语的对峙。如同福柯关于疯癫与文明的话语关系讨论一样，小说中医学知识对作为病人的叙述者的话语控制通过医学权威，确定其他者性从而有效的将疯癫的话语控制在一定范围内。第二章阐述《黄色壁纸》中权力的运作。在小说中权力的运作首先是由两种现代社会制度实现的——婚姻和医疗。这两种制度为权力的实施提供了一系列的技术和步骤。在小说中这些技术和步骤主要由监视实现。由于被置于一个具有全景敞视监狱色彩的殖民古屋中，叙述者无时不刻不处于丈夫和管家的监视目光之中，久而久之她便内化了这种监视将其透视到房间的黄色壁纸上。最后由于无法忍受监视系统的无所不在性她奋起反抗。然而她的反抗——撕碎墙纸、像动物一样满地爬行，不过证实了父权制和医学话语对她的定义从而进一步加强了权力同对她的控制。
[Abstract]:This paper explores the discourse relationship and power mechanism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Yellow wallpapers by using Foucault's theory. The full text includes four parts: introduction, two chapters and conclusion. The two chapters respectively discuss the discourse and power in the novel. The first chapter is divided into two parts. As the background of "Yellow wallpaper", there are two competing words in American society in the 19th century: one is the standard of the perfect women in the patriarchal society, the other is the voice of the new women rising gradually with the women's movement. In Gilman's male-dominated age, women were trapped by the "perfect female standard", confined to the household to teach their children. However, with the development of the women's movement, the new women, represented by Gilman, began to break away from the family and take part in public affairs. Coincidentally, a large number of middle-class educated women and the main force of the women's movement began to fall into mental illness and had to be treated by psychiatrists. Famous neurologists attribute this to their excessive participation in public affairs, because women's different physiological structures from men prevent them from taking on too much mental work. In Gilman's novels, with the help of his rest therapy, this medical viewpoint turns the discourse confrontation between patriarchy and new women into a confrontation between the psychotic and the medical discourse. Just like Foucault's discussion on the relationship between madness and civilization, medical knowledge controls the discourse of the narrator of the patient through the medical authority, and determines the character of others, thus effectively controlling the crazy discourse within a certain range. The second chapter expounds the operation of power in Yellow wallpaper. In the novel, the operation of power is first realized by two modern social systems-marriage and medicine. These two systems provide a series of techniques and steps for the implementation of power. In the novel, these techniques and steps are mainly implemented by monitoring. Being placed in a colonial house with a panoramic view of the prison, the narrator is constantly under the eyes of her husband and housekeeper, and over time she internalizes the surveillance and penetrates it into the yellow wallpaper of the room. In the end, she rebelled because she couldn't stand the omnipresence of the surveillance system. Her resistance, however, tore up wallpaper and crawled like an animal, but confirmed the definition of her by patriarchal and medical discourse, which further strengthened power and control over her.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【相似文献】