《醒来的森林》和《冬日阳光》的生态解读

发布时间：2018-06-14 14:04

本文选题：约翰·巴勒斯 + 《醒来的森林》　；参考：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：约翰·巴勒斯(1837-1921)是19世纪美国著名的生态散文作家。他的早期散文集代表作《醒来的森林》悉心描述了森林环境和鸟类活动,呈现出一幅生动的自然画面。《冬日阳光》是约翰·巴勒斯在英国的旅行散文集,在这部作品中巴勒斯用优美的文笔记录了英国温和的气候和迷人的风景,以及田园风景里的各种鸟类。他提倡人们应该走到大自然中去,真真切切地与自然相处,融入自然,感悟自然。本文从生态批评的角度,通过生态整体主义的视野探讨巴勒斯的代表作《醒来的森林》和《冬日阳光》中所表现的生态系统的内在价值,从而引导出人类应该敬畏自然,改变对自然的一贯以人类为中心的态度。再者,依据生态审美原则,解析约翰·巴勒斯这两部散文集带给我们的美的享受；最后,从约翰·巴勒斯的两部散文作品中获得启示：人们应该过简单的生活,并与自然建立真正的和谐关系。本文包含七个部分。引论简要介绍了约翰巴勒斯的生平,文学成就及其代表作《醒来的森林》和《冬日阳光》,评述了国内外关于约翰·巴勒斯的研究,进而提出本文的选题意义。第一章概述生态批评理论的起源和发展。人类看待整个生态系统的出发点应该是去除人类中心主义,即把生态环境看作是统一的,整体的系统。第二章从生态的自然观出发,分析巴勒斯对自然权利的捍卫。其中,着重分析了《醒来的森林》一书中所体现的各种自然生物的内在价值,倡导人类应该改变传统的自然价值观,与自然和谐共处。第三章阐述了约翰·巴勒斯笔下的《冬日阳光》与《醒来的森林》中所体现的生态美学价值,包括美学的三个原则：自然性原则,整体性原则和融入性原则。这两部散文传达给我们的是一个鲜活的自然,万物皆有价值,万物皆有美。第四章探讨人类从自然中得到的启示。约翰·巴勒斯在两部作品中提倡一种生态的,简单的生活方式,这样的生活与尊重自然,敬畏自然,爱护自然的生态意识相照应。第五章分析了由于时代局限性,约翰·巴勒斯文中所暴露出的反生态的行为。最后一部分是对前几章探讨的内容做了归纳和总结,并得出结论：约翰·巴勒斯的散文虽然存在着违背生态主义理念的局限,但是蕴含有前瞻性的生态思想。巴勒斯不反对人类文明的合理之处,他提倡现代人以生态审美和敬畏的态度对待大自然。生态观是一种思想体系,人们需要不断反省和自我纠正才能改变已有的价值观念。如果人们能够从一个新的角度来看待自然,人与自然的关系就会焕然一新。
[Abstract]:John Burroughs (1837-1921) is a famous American ecological prose writer in the 19 th century. His early prose collection, the Wake Forest, presents a vivid natural picture of the forest environment and bird activity. "Winter Sunshine" is John Burroughs' travel prose collection in England. In this work, Burroughs writes beautifully about Britain's mild climate and charming scenery, as well as the variety of birds in the pastoral landscape. He advocated that people should go into nature, really get along with nature, blend into nature, understand nature. From the perspective of ecological criticism, this paper explores the intrinsic value of the ecosystem in Burroughs masterpiece, the Wake Forest and the Winter Sunshine, through the perspective of ecological holism, thus leading mankind to fear nature. Change the human-centered attitude to nature. Furthermore, according to the principle of ecological aesthetics, this paper analyzes the enjoyment of beauty brought to us by John Burroughs' two prose collections. Finally, it is revealed from John Burroughs' two prose works: people should live a simple life. And establish a true harmonious relationship with nature. This article consists of seven parts. The introduction briefly introduces John Burroughs' life, literary achievements and his masterpieces, "the Wake Forest" and "Winter Sunshine", reviews the studies of John Burroughs at home and abroad, and puts forward the significance of this thesis. The first chapter summarizes the origin and development of ecological criticism theory. The starting point for mankind to look at the whole ecosystem should be to remove anthropocentrism, that is, to regard the ecological environment as a unified, integrated system. The second chapter analyzes Burroughs' defense of natural rights from ecological view of nature. Among them, it analyzes the intrinsic value of all kinds of natural creatures embodied in the book "the Wake Forest", and advocates that human beings should change the traditional natural values and live in harmony with nature. The third chapter expounds the ecological aesthetic value embodied in John Burroughs' Winter Sunshine and the Wake Forest, including the three principles of aesthetics: the principle of nature, the principle of wholeness and the principle of integration. These two essays convey to us a living nature, all things have value, all things have beauty. The fourth chapter discusses the enlightenment that human beings get from nature. In his two works, John Burroughs advocates an ecological and simple way of life, which is in harmony with the ecological consciousness of respecting nature, fearing nature, and loving nature. The fifth chapter analyzes the anti-ecological behavior exposed by John Burroughs due to the limitations of the times. The last part sums up and summarizes the contents of the previous chapters and concludes that although John Burroughs' prose has the limitation of violating the idea of ecologism, it contains forward-looking ecological thoughts. Burroughs does not object to the reasonableness of human civilization, he advocates that modern people treat nature with ecological aesthetics and awe. Ecological view is a kind of thought system. People need to constantly reflect and correct themselves in order to change the existing values. If people can look at nature from a new perspective, the relationship between man and nature will take on a new look.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.076

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