论《他们眼望上苍》中的民俗文化展现

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:46

本文选题：《他们眼望上苍》 + 民俗文化　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿的小说《他们眼望上苍》为研究对象,结合小说生成的历史文化语境,对其中的民俗文化表征进行解读。民俗文化由于其大众性和草根性往往受到知识分子精英的蔑视,美国黑人民俗文化则从诞生之初就被排挤到美国主流文化的边缘。然而,它却以顽强的生命力存在于美国的文化系统之中,展现其独特的魅力,逐渐渗透到美国社会的方方面面,成为美国文化不可或缺的-部分。成名于哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的美国黑人女作家佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(1891-1960)是一名土生土长的南方人,从小就浸润在黑人民俗文化的传统之中；对其极其熟悉和热爱。加上她后来跟随美国人类学之父博厄斯学习人类学,并数次到南方进行民俗采风,所有的这些经历孕育了赫斯顿强烈的黑人民俗文化意识,增强了她保存和传递民俗文化遗产的使命感。民俗文化走进赫斯顿的文学作品是情理之中的事。《他们眼望上苍》就是她有效地将民俗学和文学融为一体的典型。由于该小说不符合十九世纪二十年代的“抗议文学”潮流,小说出版之初就受到同时代作家和批评家的争议。赫斯顿本人也被误解为没有种族观念的作家。然而,生活在一个种族主义根深蒂固的社会,赫斯顿没有理由不为民族平等而呐喊。更何况作为一个南方人,赫斯顿更不可能不关注种族问题。她与别人不同的是,她采取的是一种比较温和、间接的方式来表达她的立场、观点和诉求。在《他们眼望上苍》中,赫斯顿的种族观体现在她对黑人民俗文化的传递和表征上在这部小说中,赫斯顿运用了大量的民俗文化元素,这不仅表达了作者对黑人文化传统的热爱,还在不知不觉中达到了唤醒黑人种族意识、重构黑人文化身份的目的。哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的黑人作家面临着“双读者群”的困境。方面,赫斯顿通过在其小说中注入民俗文化成分,满足了白人读者对黑人原始文化的好奇心,从而达到了小说出版的目的。显而易见,民俗文化是赫斯顿对白人的“微笑面具”,是《他们眼望上苍》出版得以生存的策略。除此之外,赫斯顿还通过民俗文化间接批评了白人的文化观念,表达了种族平等的愿望。另一方面,她将自己对民俗文化的热爱融入到作品中,试图引起黑人种族的共鸣,引导黑人重拾传统文化,增强黑人的民族自豪感,走出“双重意识”的阴影,重构黑人文化身份。由此可见,赫斯顿与大多数黑人一样具有强烈的种族观念,渴望获得种族平等,只是她的表达方式并不是那么清晰可见。在一个黑人倍受排挤和压迫的年代,这样间接地、潜移默化地主张黑人地位和权利反而比公开的、激烈的抗议和反抗更有力、更有效。
[Abstract]:This thesis takes Zola Neill Heston's novel their eyes looking to Heaven as the research object, combines the historical and cultural context of the creation of the novel, and interprets the folk culture representation. Because of its popularity and grass roots, folk culture is often despised by the intellectual elite, while American black folk culture has been excluded from the beginning of its birth to the edge of the mainstream American culture. However, it exists in the American cultural system with tenacious vitality, shows its unique charm, gradually permeates every aspect of American society, and becomes an indispensable part of American culture. Zola Neill Haston, a black American writer who became famous in the Harlem Renaissance period, is a southerner born and raised in the tradition of black folk culture. Together with her later study of anthropology with Boas, the father of American anthropology, and several trips to the South for folklore, all these experiences gave birth to Heston's strong sense of black folk culture. It strengthens her sense of mission to preserve and transmit her folklore cultural heritage. It is reasonable for folk culture to enter into Herston's literary works. "they look at God" is a typical example of her effective integration of folklore and literature. Because the novel did not conform to the trend of protest literature in the 1820s, it was disputed by contemporary writers and critics at the beginning of its publication. Heston himself was misunderstood as a writer without racial ideas. However, living in a society deeply rooted in racism, Heston had no reason not to cry for national equality. What's more, as a southerner, Heston is less likely to lose sight of race. Unlike others, she takes a more moderate, indirect approach to expressing her position, opinions and aspirations. In their eyes on Heaven, Heston's view of race is embodied in her transmission and representation of black folk culture. In this novel, Heston uses a large number of folk cultural elements. This not only expresses the author's love for the black cultural tradition, but also realizes the purpose of arousing the black racial consciousness and reconstructing the black cultural identity. Harlem Renaissance black writers face the dilemma of double readers. On the other hand, by injecting folk culture into his novels, Heston satisfies the white readers' curiosity about the black primitive culture and thus achieves the purpose of publishing the novel. Obviously, folk culture is Heston's "smile mask" to white people, which is the strategy of their publication. In addition, Heston indirectly criticized white people's cultural ideas and expressed their desire for racial equality through folk culture. On the other hand, she integrates her love of folk culture into her works, trying to arouse the resonance of the black race, lead the black people to regain the traditional culture, enhance the national pride of the black people, and step out of the shadow of "double consciousness". Reconstruction of Black Cultural identity. Heston, like most blacks, has a strong sense of race and a desire for racial equality, but her expression is not so clear. In an era of black exclusion and oppression, this indirect, subtle claim to black status and rights was more effective and effective than public, violent protests and revolts.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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