论《美丽新世界》中的现代性批判

发布时间：2018-07-02 21:08

本文选题：阿道司·赫胥黎 + 《美丽新世界》　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：从二十世纪中叶开始，现代性问题因日益对人类社会发展有着不可忽视的影响而日趋变得热议。所谓现代性意指现代社会、文化、政治、经济所形成的一系列有别于古代社会的存在特质和经验模式。文学中对现代性问题的和探索和研究，有助于反思现代社会伴随科技的高速发展所带来众多问题，也有助于形成对人类现在以及未来生活状况的意见，有利于构筑一个理想和谐的科技与人的社会。本文以著名英国现代作家阿道司·赫胥黎（1894-1963）的长篇小说《美丽新世界》为研究对象，探讨赫胥黎在小说中对世界国中产生的现代性问题。论文以非人道的科学技术，高度抑制的精神世界，权力构筑的社会结构和被剥夺的自由，四个重要维度论述小说对现代性的批判。其中，将借助精神分析与权力理论分别对约翰的死亡悲剧和社会等级构造进行剖析，揭示出在表面完美，充满快乐的世界国背后，实则埋藏的是惨绝人道，高度禁锢，等级森严，毫无自由可言的伪天堂的实质。本文由六部分组成，第一部分引言中将对阿道司·赫胥黎的作品《美丽新世界》及其个人经历作以简要陈述，并承袭国内外对该著作的综合研究状况，对现代性的内涵与外延做出背景介绍。第一章，探讨赫胥黎对非人道的科学技术的揭示和批判，其中对新技术“布卡诺夫斯基”、“博得斯奈普程序”、“催眠教学法”、“假幸福”、“死亡条件培养”进行分析，以了解其背后的深刻社会问题从而紧接着探讨人类和科技的复杂关系。第二章，以被禁锢的精神世界为题，分析现代性带给人的束缚，以精神分析的理论剖析野蛮人约翰不堪忍受世界国的精神束缚而走上自杀的残酷原因。同时探讨新宗教——科技，结束了几千年上帝统治人类的历史，形成新的精神禁锢带来的严重问题。第三章，对权力社会进行批判，分别从社会等级、种族划分、性别歧视三个维度揭示权力的不公平和难以变更，并对高度集中的社会统治模式和统治手段进行分析。第四章，描述小说对夺回被剥夺自由的渴望，具体从自由与启蒙运动的渊源，世界国的监管座右铭“共同、一致、稳定”，文化恐怖主义与性的虚假解放四个角度反映该社会无疑是由上至下全权禁锢，受制于政府和科技的附庸，人类无自由已经在小说中成为不可争的事实，并引发众多的负面后果。最后，，在论文的结论部分再次肯定了《美丽新世界》小说的预见性地位，它为人类社会发展产生着重要的人文参考作用，警示着现代性所带来的问题，从而使人们在追求发展和生存的同时对现代性的负面影响做出主动规避。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the twentieth century, the problem of modernity has become more and more heated because of its unnegligible influence on the development of human society. The so-called modernity means a series of existing characteristics and experience patterns which are different from the ancient society formed by modern society, culture, politics and economy. The exploration and study of modernity in literature is helpful to reflect on the many problems brought about by the rapid development of science and technology in modern society and to form opinions on the present and future living conditions of mankind. Conducive to the construction of an ideal and harmonious science and technology and human society. Based on the novel "the New World of Beauty" by Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), this paper discusses the modernity of Huxley's novels in the world. This paper discusses the critique of modernity in four important dimensions: inhumane science and technology, highly restrained spiritual world, social structure constructed by power and deprived freedom. Among them, with the help of psychoanalysis and power theory, John's death tragedy and social hierarchy will be analyzed, respectively, revealing that behind the seemingly perfect and happy world nation, what is buried is a tragic humanity and a high degree of imprisonment. The essence of a false paradise with a strict hierarchy and no freedom to speak of. This paper is composed of six parts. The first part of the introduction will give a brief account of Aldous Huxley's work "the Beautiful New World" and its personal experience, and inherit the comprehensive research situation of this work at home and abroad. This paper introduces the connotation and extension of modernity. The first chapter discusses Huxley's revelation and criticism of inhumane science and technology, including the analysis of the new technology "Bukanovsky", "Bordesnip Program", "hypnotic Teaching method", "false Happiness", "training of death conditions". In order to understand the profound social problems behind it, and then to explore the complex relationship between human and technology. The second chapter analyzes the shackles brought by modernity and the cruel reasons why the barbarian John can not bear the spiritual bondage of the world nation. At the same time, the discussion of the new religion-science and technology has put an end to the history of God ruling human beings for thousands of years, and formed the serious problems caused by the new spiritual imprison. The third chapter criticizes the power society, reveals the unfairness and difficulty to change the power from the three dimensions of social class, race division and sex discrimination, and analyzes the highly centralized social ruling mode and ruling means. The fourth chapter describes the desire of the novel to retake the deprivation of liberty, specifically from the origin of freedom and the Enlightenment, the regulatory motto of the world's "common, consistent, stable". Cultural terrorism and the false liberation of sex reflect that the society is undoubtedly completely confined from top to bottom, subject to the government and science and technology. The fact that human beings have no freedom has become an indisputable fact in the novel, and has caused many negative consequences. Finally, in the conclusion of the thesis, the author reconfirms the prescient position of the novel, which plays an important role in the development of human society and cautions the problems brought about by modernity. So that people in the pursuit of development and survival at the same time to the negative impact of modernity to take the initiative to avoid.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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