日本当代生态文学研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 03:42

本文选题：生态文学 + 场所意识　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着科学技术的进步和社会文明的发展，地球生态环境问题日益严重，人类俨然成为文明的受害者。科学技术的进步，给人类带来幸福的同时，也带来意想不到的灾难。人类开始质疑，单纯依靠先进的科学技术，是否能够真正解决当下人与自然的紧张关系，解决人类的生活态度和生存方式等精神层面的问题。人文社科界对生态环境问题的关注，一定程度上改变了文学界的研究动向，生态文学研究也在这个大背景下应运而生。生态文学是在生态学思潮影响下，以生态整体主义为思想基础、以生态系统整体利益为最高价值，通过考察和表现自然与人之间的相互关系，探寻生态危机、精神危机和思想危机的一种文学形式。本论文以生态批评理论为支撑，以日本文学的历史发展为线索，以20世纪60-80年代经典作家的生态文学作品为文本分析对象，通过运用生态批评的基本范畴“场所”，阐释作品中的场所意识，探讨日本当代生态文学的生态危机意识和和生态思想，指出日本当代生态文学研究的意义与影响。论文共分六章。第1章为导论，概述了世界范围内生态文学的产生、发展轨迹，生态批评的概念，以及日本生态文学的发展和研究特点，并阐明论文的研究目的和研究意义。第2章分析了代表性生态预警作品，具体以水上勉的《大海獠牙》和西村京太郎的《污染海域》为分析对象，两部作品均为较典型的具有生态视角的推理小说。《大海獠牙》发表于20世纪60年代，作品以水银中毒的“水俣病”为题材，反映了工业公害对人民生活和生命带来的严重伤害，揭露了环境污染问题和经济发展的弊端。《污染海域》对人类的精神生态做了积极探索和解读，使得小说成为一部充分展示作者生态智慧的作品。第3章重点分析了石牟礼道子及其代表作《苦海净土——我们的水俣病》、《神灵的村庄》和《天之鱼》。上述三部作品被誉为“苦海净土”三部曲。《苦海净土——我们的水俣病》的内容涉及公害认定到结成水俣病对策市民会议组织这一时期的事件，基本属于水俣病未社会化、政治问题化之前，被害者默默忍受痛苦那一阶段的描述。“苦海净土”三部曲之二的《神灵的村庄》描写的是1969年9个患者家庭提起诉讼到第二年1970年出席日本氮肥公司股东大会，即“诉讼派”的运动最终受到社会关注的时期。而三部曲之三的《天之鱼》主要反映的是1973年诉讼判决之后所发生的事件。石牟礼道子是一位生态问题的忧患者和思索者，在极其惨烈的岁月的煎熬下，她将关注点落在因生态环境恶化而受尽磨难的水俣人身上。她的作品最大的特点是方言运用多，叙述中夹杂着诗性的文学气息，文学符号的浓缩性比较强。第3章将运用文学符号学方法，从生态批评视阈对石牟礼道子的三部作品进行解读。第4章着眼于有吉佐和子的《复合污染》和《有吉佐和子的中国报告》，两部作品分别创作于1975年和1979年，具有明显的时代特征，提出了诸如大气污染、农药、化肥等人类无法回避的生态环境问题，指出了公害的严重性，对公害制造者进行了严正谴责。作品带着独特的生态哲思色彩,彰显出一种新的觉醒和追求,充满伦理评判和哲学思考。作品描写的20世纪70年代的中日两国的环境问题，能够为当下的我们提供史料层面的资料参考。第5章概述了反映日本核能问题的文学作品。战后核能的和平利用问题，因具有生态污染的巨大隐患，成为一个不可忽视的重大社会问题，本论文的“核”文学定位于反映战后核电站主题的“原发”文学作品，所谓“原发”文学即“核电站”文学，指的是反映核电站主题的文学。通过这些作品可以洞察到日本作家对核能和平利用的顾虑与忧思。第6章以20世纪70-80年代具有生态意识的随笔为中心。在一部分作家投身于“原发”作品创作的同时，另一批作家则把笔触对准反映人与自然之关系的随笔上。20世纪70年代以后，尤其是80年代以后，虽然受60-70年代工业公害影响，部分作家的随笔仍带有工业公害影响的印迹。但已脱离了石牟礼道子和有吉佐和子时代那种强烈的控诉基调，抒情式、田园式的思考已经混杂其中，并渐占上风。如野田知佑的《畅游日本河川》、高天宏的《与树邂逅》、山尾三省的《圣老人——作为百姓、诗人、信仰者》等。诗性的语言、真切的场景，引领读者重新思考人与场所、人与自然的关系，思考如何用心灵体验最本真的自然，从而引发读者对生态问题投入关注。第7章总结了日本当代生态文学对中国文学的启迪意义。从20世纪60年代水上勉的《大海獠牙》到80年代的“原发”文学和生态文学随笔，都传递着相同的声音，即人与自然的和谐、人与人的和谐。此外，第7章也指出了中日两国当代生态文学在创作类型、产生年代等方面存在的差异。虽然部分日本作家对自然感悟深透，拥有强烈的生态意识，但创作上却没有陷入对生态危机一味批判的境地，这一点是值得我国生态文学作家学习和借鉴的。目前，生态批评视阈下的日本当代生态文学研究，尚未进入系统的、具体的原典实证研究阶段。所以，，从生态批评视角审视日本当代文学，探寻生态危机的文化、社会根源，为推动我国生态文学研究的健康发展尽微薄之力，也是本研究的目的所在。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the development of social civilization, the problem of the earth's ecological environment is becoming more and more serious. Human beings have become the victims of civilization. The progress of science and technology brings happiness to mankind, but also brings unexpected disasters. At present, the tense relationship between man and nature, the spiritual level of solving the human life attitude and the way of living. The attention of the humanities and social sciences to the ecological environment has changed the research trend of the literary world to a certain extent, and the ecological literature research should also be born under this background.
Under the influence of ecological thoughts, ecological literature is a literary form of ecological crisis, spiritual crisis and ideological crisis by taking ecological holism as the ideological basis and the overall interests of the ecological system as the highest value. It is a literary form of ecological crisis, spiritual crisis and ideological crisis through the investigation and expression of the relationship between nature and human. The historical development of the study is the clue, taking the ecological literature works of the classic writers in the 60-80 years of the twentieth Century as the text analysis object. Through the use of the basic category of ecological criticism, "place", it explains the sense of place in the works, probes into the ecological crisis consciousness and ecological thought of contemporary Japanese ecological literature, and points out the research of contemporary Japanese ecological literature. Meaning and influence.
The paper is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is an introduction, which outlines the generation of ecological literature in the world, the development track, the concept of ecocriticism, and the characteristics of the development and research of the Japanese ecological literature, and clarifies the purpose and significance of the research.
The second chapter analyzes the representative ecological early-warning works, with the analysis object of the water mian "the sea tusks" and "the polluted sea area" of Nishimura Kyotaro. The two works are all typical ecological perspective novels. "The sea tusk" was published in 1960s. The works reflect the industry with mercury poisoning "Min Min's disease" as the subject, reflecting the industry. The serious harm caused by public harm to people's life and life reveals the problems of environmental pollution and the malpractice of economic development. "Polluted sea area" has made a positive exploration and interpretation of the human spirit ecology, making the novel a work to fully display the ecological wisdom of the author.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of Shimu Reimichiko and his representative works "the pure land of bitter sea", "our mine of Min", "the village of the gods" and "the fish of heaven". The above three works are known as the trilogy of "the pure land of bitter sea". The event is basically a description of the victim's silent suffering in the period of the unsocialization of the mate's disease. The "village of God", two of the trilogy of "pure land of bitterness", describes the action of 9 families in 1969 to attend the shareholders meeting of the Japanese nitrogen fertilizer company in 1970 second, that is, the movement of the "lawsuit school". At the time of social attention, three of the trilogy, "the fish of the sky", mainly reflected the event after the 1973 lawsuit. Shi Mou rite is a hardship and spectator of the ecological problem, and under the suffering of the extremely severe years, she will focus on the water of the water that suffers from the deterioration of the ecological environment. The most important feature of her works is the use of dialects, the poetic flavor of the narrative and the strong concentration of literary symbols. The third chapter will use the method of literary semiotics to interpret the three works of Shimu Reimichiko from the threshold of ecological criticism.
The fourth chapter focuses on the "compound pollution" and "the report of China", which has been created in 1975 and 1979 respectively. The two works have distinct characteristics of the times, and put forward the ecological environment problems such as air pollution, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, which can not be avoided. The works show a new awakening and pursuit, full of ethical and philosophical thinking. The environmental problems of China and Japan in the 1970s of the works can provide us with the historical data reference for the present.
The fifth chapter outlines the literary works reflecting Japan's nuclear energy problems. The peaceful utilization of nuclear energy after the war has become a major social problem that can not be ignored because of the huge hidden dangers of ecological pollution. The "nuclear" literature of this paper is located in the "original" literary works reflecting the theme of the post war nuclear power station, and the so-called "original" literature is "nuclear". "Power station" literature refers to the literature reflecting the theme of nuclear power plants. Through these works, we can see the worries and worries of Japanese writers on nuclear energy and peaceful use.
The sixth chapter focuses on the essays of ecological consciousness in the 70-80 years of twentieth Century. While some writers devote themselves to the creation of "original" works, another group of writers focus their strokes on the essay that reflects the relationship between man and nature after the 70s.20 century, especially after 80s, though influenced by industrial public hazards in the 60-70 years, some writers. The essay still has an imprint of industrial public harm. But it has been divorced from the stone Mou Dao and the strong accusation of the times of the age of Yimo and Zi. The lyric and idyllic thoughts have mixed up and become the upper hand. For example, Noda Chiyu's "swim in Japan", Gao Tianhong's < and tree encounters >, Yamano Mi's Saint - as a hundred. The surname, the poet, the believer, and so on. The poetic language, the real scene, leads the reader to rethink the man and the place, the relationship between man and nature, and thinks about how to experience the most true nature with the mind, thus arousing the reader to pay attention to the ecological problem.
The seventh chapter summarizes the enlightening significance of Japanese contemporary ecological literature to Chinese literature. From the 1960s water mian "the sea tusk" to "the original" literature and the ecological literature in 80s, the same sound is transmitted, namely, the harmony between man and nature, and the harmony between man and man. In addition, the seventh chapter also points out the contemporary ecological literature of China and Japan. Although some Japanese writers have profound understanding of nature and have strong ecological consciousness, some Japanese writers do not fall into the critical situation of the ecological crisis, which is worth learning and learning by Chinese ecologic writers.
At present, the study of contemporary ecological literature in Japan under the threshold of ecocriticism has not yet entered into a systematic and specific stage of empirical study. Therefore, it is also the aim of this study to examine the contemporary literature of Japanese contemporary literature from the perspective of ecocriticism, to explore the culture of ecological crisis and the social root, to promote the healthy development of the study of ecological literature in China. It's where it is.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.06

【参考文献】