从卡夫卡小说看其精神世界的嬗变

发布时间：2018-07-17 06:06

【摘要】：卡夫卡一生充满着悖论和矛盾,他将写作看作是自己的生命价值所在,卡夫卡的很多作品都是他内心世界的折射投影,即他的内心精神世界的形象化。从《美国》《变形记》到《审判》《城堡》《饥饿艺术家》再到《地洞》,这些作品的共同特点是里面的主人公都有一个半开放或封闭的空间,在这些空间里,他们拒绝与外在世界的交流,他们孤独地生存、绝望地存活。从而这些空间场景共同构成了一个巨大的象征网络:即卡夫卡的精神世界,从这些空间场景的一系列变化:开放—半开放—封闭—消失,可以勾勒出卡夫卡精神世界和心灵图景的嬗变:《美国》为我们展现卡夫卡广阔的心灵图景,《变形记》隐约透露出卡夫卡对人性不灭的希望和积极的向往;《审判》《城堡》《饥饿艺术家》等作品中展现了卡夫卡精神世界的无奈追求,他的精神世界在逐渐放逐与坍塌;《地洞》则表现了卡夫卡精神世界的毁灭与关闭,至此,卡夫卡永远合上了他的精神世界的大门——他用写作燃尽了最后一缕希望,他的生命旅程也至此走到了尽头。
[Abstract]:Kafka's life is full of paradoxes and contradictions. He regards writing as the value of his own life. Many of Kafka's works are the refraction projection of his inner world, that is, the visualization of his inner spiritual world. From "America" to "the Fortress" to "the Hunger Artist" to "the Cave", the common characteristic of these works is that the protagonists in these works have a semi-open or closed space, in which, They refuse to communicate with the outside world, they live alone and in despair. So these spatial scenes together form a huge symbolic network: the spiritual world of Kafka, from a series of changes in these spatial scenes: open-semi-open-closed-disappearing. It is possible to outline the evolution of Kafka's spiritual world and spiritual picture: "America" shows us Kafka's vast spiritual picture, "Metamorphoses" vaguely reveals Kafka's hope and positive yearning for human nature; "judgment" Castle, Hunger artists, and other works show Kafka's spiritual world's helpless pursuit, His spiritual world was gradually banishing and collapsing; the Cave showed the destruction and closure of Kafka's spiritual world, so that Kafka closed the door to his spiritual world forever-he burned up the last ray of hope with his writing. His journey of life has come to an end.
【作者单位】：武汉大学文学院;
【分类号】：I521.074

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