“对位阅读法”揭示库柏《最后的莫希干人》的矛盾性
发布时间：2018-08-09 08:29
【摘要】：19世纪二十年代初期，美国才开始摆脱对英国文学的依附，真正诞生了美国的民族文学。而书写这个文学《独立宣言》的代表人物，是欧文和库柏，他们同为美国民族文学的先驱者和奠基人，欧文被称为“美国文学之父”，而库柏则是“美国小说的鼻祖”。库柏的代表作边疆五部曲《皮袜子故事集》使其跻身于世界级著名作家的行列，而《最后的莫希干人》则为其中最出色的一部。 《最后的莫希干人》以解救两姐妹为主要线索展开，故事情节跌宕起伏，引人入胜，作者借主人公之口一再指责白人殖民者犯下的罪行的同时，也不可避免地对印第安人持有既同情又歧视的矛盾态度。以往对该小说的研究主要集中在人物形象分析，故事主题阐释等方面，鲜有人将文本放在后殖民语境中进行分析。本文借用萨义德的“对位阅读法”来通过文本的细读，将写进小说的内容与小说之外的帝国历史进行反复比对印证，揭示了库柏在对待帝国文明与印第安文化之间的矛盾思想，并分析这些矛盾思想背后的历史及个人原因。 本文由导论、正文和结论三部分构成。导论部分对《最后的莫希干人》这部小说及作者生平创作做简要介绍，以及对支撑本文的理论进行阐述，指明写作思路。正文部分包括三章。第一章首先简要地回顾美国西部历史和帝国对其的争夺史，结合库柏的生活经历和当时的历史背景，指出作者在《最后的莫希干人》中思想矛盾的原因；第二章从两个相对角度出发，通过文本中的实例来论述文本中作者表现出的对帝国文化既认同又批判的态度，指出作品中表现出的矛盾性；第三章进一步深入到文本内部，讨论小说对土著人的同情与边缘化，还原这种叙述背后的历史事实，揭示小说中矛盾性的来源。结论部分，再一次回到萨义德的理论，对本文论点进行强调和总结，即《最后的莫希干人》通过对帝国和殖民地的不同书写，以一种矛盾又隐蔽的方式参与了帝国的殖民进程。总而言之，本文通过将文本内的细读和文本外的历史相结合的方法，在作品对帝国和印第安土著的矛盾态度之间进行反复来回印证，得出库柏在《最后的莫希干人》中对帝国既认同又抵抗，，对印第安土著既同情又歧视的矛盾的结论，从而说明，作为美国本土作家，库柏也参与了帝国对本国土著的殖民进程。
[Abstract]:In the early 1820s, the United States began to break away from its dependence on English literature and was born with American national literature. The representative characters of this literary Declaration of Independence are Irving and Cooper, both pioneers and founders of American national literature. Owen is called "the father of American literature", and Cooper is "the originator of American novels". Cooper's masterpiece, the five Frontier songs "the Story of the Sock," made him one of the world's most famous writers. The Last Mohigan is one of the best of them. The final Mohigan takes the rescue of the two sisters as the main clue, the story is ups and downs, fascinating, The author accuses the protagonists of the crimes committed by the white colonists and inevitably takes a sympathetic and discriminatory attitude towards the Indians. In the past, the study of the novel mainly focused on the analysis of characters and the interpretation of the theme of the story, and few people analyzed the text in the post-colonial context. This article uses said's "the opposite Reading method" to read through the text, compares the content which is written into the novel and the imperial history outside the novel repeatedly, and reveals Cooper's contradictory thought in dealing with the imperial civilization and the Indian culture. And analyze the history and personal reasons behind these contradictory thoughts. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction gives a brief introduction to this novel and the author's life creation, expounds the theory supporting this article, and points out the writing ideas. The text includes three chapters. The first chapter briefly reviews the history of the western American history and the struggle for it by the Empire, and points out the reasons for the contradiction between the author's thoughts in the Last Mohigan Man and the historical background of Cooper's life. The second chapter discusses the author's attitude towards the identity and criticism of imperial culture through the examples in the text from two relative angles, and points out the contradiction in the works; the third chapter goes further into the text. This paper discusses the sympathy and marginalization of the novel towards the indigenous people, restores the historical facts behind this narrative, and reveals the source of contradiction in the novel. The conclusion part, returning to the theory of said once again, emphasizes and summarizes the thesis of this paper, that is, the final Mohigan takes part in the colonial process of the Empire in a contradictory and covert way through the different writing of the Empire and the colonies. In a word, by combining the inside of the text with the history outside the text, this paper repeatedly proves the contradictory attitude of the works towards the Empire and the Native Indians. It is concluded that Cooper, in the final Mohigan, agrees with and resists the Empire and sympathizes with and discriminates against the Native Indians, which shows that Cooper, as a native American writer, also participated in the process of the Empire's colonization of the Native Americans.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2173513
[Abstract]:In the early 1820s, the United States began to break away from its dependence on English literature and was born with American national literature. The representative characters of this literary Declaration of Independence are Irving and Cooper, both pioneers and founders of American national literature. Owen is called "the father of American literature", and Cooper is "the originator of American novels". Cooper's masterpiece, the five Frontier songs "the Story of the Sock," made him one of the world's most famous writers. The Last Mohigan is one of the best of them. The final Mohigan takes the rescue of the two sisters as the main clue, the story is ups and downs, fascinating, The author accuses the protagonists of the crimes committed by the white colonists and inevitably takes a sympathetic and discriminatory attitude towards the Indians. In the past, the study of the novel mainly focused on the analysis of characters and the interpretation of the theme of the story, and few people analyzed the text in the post-colonial context. This article uses said's "the opposite Reading method" to read through the text, compares the content which is written into the novel and the imperial history outside the novel repeatedly, and reveals Cooper's contradictory thought in dealing with the imperial civilization and the Indian culture. And analyze the history and personal reasons behind these contradictory thoughts. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction gives a brief introduction to this novel and the author's life creation, expounds the theory supporting this article, and points out the writing ideas. The text includes three chapters. The first chapter briefly reviews the history of the western American history and the struggle for it by the Empire, and points out the reasons for the contradiction between the author's thoughts in the Last Mohigan Man and the historical background of Cooper's life. The second chapter discusses the author's attitude towards the identity and criticism of imperial culture through the examples in the text from two relative angles, and points out the contradiction in the works; the third chapter goes further into the text. This paper discusses the sympathy and marginalization of the novel towards the indigenous people, restores the historical facts behind this narrative, and reveals the source of contradiction in the novel. The conclusion part, returning to the theory of said once again, emphasizes and summarizes the thesis of this paper, that is, the final Mohigan takes part in the colonial process of the Empire in a contradictory and covert way through the different writing of the Empire and the colonies. In a word, by combining the inside of the text with the history outside the text, this paper repeatedly proves the contradictory attitude of the works towards the Empire and the Native Indians. It is concluded that Cooper, in the final Mohigan, agrees with and resists the Empire and sympathizes with and discriminates against the Native Indians, which shows that Cooper, as a native American writer, also participated in the process of the Empire's colonization of the Native Americans.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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2 王巧俐;库柏及美国西部小说模式的创立[J];上海大学学报(社会科学版);2005年06期
3 朱乃长;美国文学史上的经典之作——《最后一个莫希干人》艺术论[J];上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2000年03期
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