一个狂欢的世界：巴赫金狂欢化理论视角下的《理查德二世》研究
发布时间：2018-08-15 12:31
【摘要】：《理查德二世》是莎士比亚历史剧中较为特殊的一部作品。一方面剧中用词华丽,运用大量修辞手法,折射理查德二世狂妄自大、骄奢淫逸、亲近谄媚的特点,进而对皇族、贵族生活和行为进行嘲讽。另一方面,整部作品由于政治争斗、手足残杀、政权更迭等情节而充满了悲怨气氛。加之小丑、流氓、愚人等角色的匮乏,使这部戏剧表面上看起来缺乏与民间节庆气氛相联的成分。但在二十世纪中后期的莎士比亚历史剧研究中,不断有学者发现《理查德二世》与狂欢节庆传统有着多方面的紧密联系。 本文试图运用巴赫金的狂欢化理论来解读《理查德二世》与狂欢世界的内在关联。本文认为该剧不仅充斥着各种不同的声音,营造出众声喧哗的效果,剧中人物形象的刻画、自然情境的描写、故事情节的发展也体现了狂欢性和颠覆性,体现了现实世界中传统秩序的瓦解与重建。 本文正文由三部分组成,第一章阐述了《理查德二世》中的杂语现象,从不同的角度论述多种声音的并存及其社会意义。第二章分析了剧中具有小丑特征的若干人物形象,并探讨了“弱化笑声”在作品中的具体体现,以揭示《理查德二世》所具有的狂欢节特质。第三章从自然现象和社会秩序两个层面探讨了《理查德二世》中颠覆性,并探讨了权力交替与生命繁衍中颠覆与延续辩证关系。 总之,本文试图阐明,《理查德二世》剧中多方面的狂欢化特点具有深刻人文主义内涵,众生喧哗、秩序颠倒的戏剧世界反映的正是莎士比亚时代现实世界的人们对自由、平等、变革、进步的向往与追求。
[Abstract]:Richard II is a special piece of Shakespeare's historical play. On the one hand, he uses a great deal of rhetoric to reflect Richard II's arrogance, extravagance and obsequiousness, and then satirizes the life and behavior of royalty and aristocrat. On the other hand, the whole work is full of bitterness because of political strife, fratricidal Brotherhood, regime change and so on. The lack of characters such as clowns, hooligans and fools makes the play appear to lack the elements associated with folk festivals. However, in the study of Shakespeare's historical plays in the middle and late 20th century, some scholars have found that Richard II is closely related to the carnival tradition in many aspects. This paper attempts to use Bakhtin's carnival theory to interpret the interrelationship between Richard II and the carnival world. This article holds that the play is not only full of various voices, creating the effect of the public noise, the portrayal of the characters, the description of the natural situation, the development of the story also embodies the carnival and subversive nature. It reflects the disintegration and reconstruction of the traditional order in the real world. This paper is composed of three parts. The first chapter expounds the mixed language phenomenon in Richard II and discusses the coexistence and social significance of many kinds of sounds from different angles. The second chapter analyzes some characters with the character of clown in the play, and probes into the concrete embodiment of "weakening laughter" in the works, in order to reveal the carnival characteristic of Richard II. The third chapter discusses the subversion in Richard II from the two aspects of natural phenomena and social order, and discusses the dialectical relationship between the alternation of power and the subversion and continuation of life. In a word, this paper tries to clarify that the carnival characteristics of Richard II have profound humanism connotation, the dramatic world of all beings is noisy, and the order reversal of the dramatic world reflects precisely the people's freedom and equality in the real world of Shakespeare's time. The yearning and pursuit of change and progress.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.073
本文编号：2184207
[Abstract]:Richard II is a special piece of Shakespeare's historical play. On the one hand, he uses a great deal of rhetoric to reflect Richard II's arrogance, extravagance and obsequiousness, and then satirizes the life and behavior of royalty and aristocrat. On the other hand, the whole work is full of bitterness because of political strife, fratricidal Brotherhood, regime change and so on. The lack of characters such as clowns, hooligans and fools makes the play appear to lack the elements associated with folk festivals. However, in the study of Shakespeare's historical plays in the middle and late 20th century, some scholars have found that Richard II is closely related to the carnival tradition in many aspects. This paper attempts to use Bakhtin's carnival theory to interpret the interrelationship between Richard II and the carnival world. This article holds that the play is not only full of various voices, creating the effect of the public noise, the portrayal of the characters, the description of the natural situation, the development of the story also embodies the carnival and subversive nature. It reflects the disintegration and reconstruction of the traditional order in the real world. This paper is composed of three parts. The first chapter expounds the mixed language phenomenon in Richard II and discusses the coexistence and social significance of many kinds of sounds from different angles. The second chapter analyzes some characters with the character of clown in the play, and probes into the concrete embodiment of "weakening laughter" in the works, in order to reveal the carnival characteristic of Richard II. The third chapter discusses the subversion in Richard II from the two aspects of natural phenomena and social order, and discusses the dialectical relationship between the alternation of power and the subversion and continuation of life. In a word, this paper tries to clarify that the carnival characteristics of Richard II have profound humanism connotation, the dramatic world of all beings is noisy, and the order reversal of the dramatic world reflects precisely the people's freedom and equality in the real world of Shakespeare's time. The yearning and pursuit of change and progress.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.073
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