从失乐园对圣经题材的传承与超越解读米尔顿的宗教思想
发布时间：2018-09-17 08:01
【摘要】：约翰·弥尔顿是英国文艺复兴末期的诗坛巨匠,其著作在英国文学、文化和自由思想的历史中占有重要的一页。他的长诗《失乐园》因以独特视角描写恢弘的基督教创世神话受到历代神学家、文学家以及社会学家的普遍关注。《失乐园》的题材取自《圣经旧约·创世纪》,但并不是对这一经典的简单描摹和扩写,而是在英国清教影响下进行的阐释,充分体现出英国清教的教义和信条。本文正是通过分析《失乐园》对圣经的传承与超越,来进一步研究弥尔顿的宗教思想 本文分为五章.文章论述的主体由第二、第三和第四章节构成。 在第二章中,通过分析比较《失乐园》与圣经中关于人类堕落的描述,论证了《失乐园》并非是对圣经故事的简单重复。《失乐园》首先是写人类最初演变的史诗,它借用了《创世纪》第二、三章的神话故事：上帝创世、造人；亚当、夏娃在伊甸园中的生活,二人受到蛇的诱惑犯下罪行被逐出伊甸园。在圣经中,人类失去乐园的故事长度不到一页,而弥尔顿却把这个简单的故事写成了长达十二卷的史诗。《失乐园》中,通过人类追求自由意志后通过真实的忏悔和信仰赎罪,揭示了“人类反叛上帝与回归上帝”的主题,这正体现了弥尔顿崇尚“自由意志”的宗教观。弥尔顿在《基督教教义》中对此作了系统阐述。他认为,如果人没有选择的自由,那么他对上帝的忠顺也就不是美德。同样,如果他没有选择的自由,他违背禁令也并非真的罪孽,因而上帝的惩罚也就无公正可言。 在第三章中本文描述了《失乐园》中最为独特也是最核心的概念--撒旦。撒旦在基督教教义中是一个符号,象征了与上帝对抗的魔鬼。由于弥尔顿坎坷的生活经历以及受到英国革命的影响,他不自觉地把撒旦刻画成一个执着地反抗暴政、不公正和权威,渴求自由的形象,并倾注了自己的同情。撒旦展现了一种古典的悲剧精神,他作为神的目的工具而不自知,实际上最终唤醒人类走向与神复合的新的信仰之路。撒旦最终虽然承认了上帝的全能,但是这种承认与不反抗直接承认有着神学上巨大的差别,弥尔顿通过这种对比阐述了自己的宗教观点--没有思考的膜拜是愚蠢而盲目的,因恐惧产生的膜拜是虚假的,而唯有心悦诚服的敬拜才是属神的。 在第四章中,通过分析比较《失乐园》中圣父与圣子之间的关系与基督教信仰中作为基础和根本的三位一体论之间的差异论证了《失乐园》是在对圣经故事传承基础之上的超越。《失乐园》中的上帝被设计成分裂的状态,弥尔顿精心设计了一幕幕圣父与圣子对话的场景,展现出一种“权力交接”的场景,弥尔顿试图给读者展示关于这个世界起源的创世神话中上帝的形象由生硬“冷酷的造物主的形象”变为让人具有一种深深的内在感受的“未识的上帝的形象”。其内核精神就是弥尔顿所信奉的“新约”中的“爱与奉献”。
[Abstract]:John Milton is a great poet in the end of the English Renaissance. His works play an important role in the history of English literature, culture and free thought. His long poem Paradise lost received theologians of all dynasties for his unique perspective on the magnificent myth of Christian creation. The theme of Paradise lost is taken from Genesis in the Old Testament, but it is not a simple description and expansion of this classic, but an interpretation under the influence of Puritanism in England. Fully embodies the English Puritan doctrine and creed. It is through the analysis of the inheritance and transcendence of the Bible in Paradise lost to further study Milton's religious thought that this article is divided into five chapters. The main body of the article consists of the second, third and fourth chapters. In the second chapter, by comparing Paradise lost with the description of human depravity in the Bible, we demonstrate that Paradise lost is not a simple repetition of the Bible story. It borrows from the mythology of Genesis II and III: the creation of God, the creation of man, and the life of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, in which the two men were driven out of the Garden by the temptation of snakes. In the Bible, the story of people losing paradise is less than one page long, but Milton has written this simple story into a 12-volume epic. In Paradise lost, through the pursuit of human free will through true repentance and faith atonement, It reveals the theme of "mankind rebelling against God and returning to God", which embodies Milton's religious view of "free will". Milton made a systematic exposition of this in Christian Doctrine. He thought that if man had no freedom of choice, his loyalty to God would not be a virtue. Likewise, if he had no freedom of choice, he would not be guilty of breaking the injunction, and the punishment of God would not be just. Chapter three describes the most unique and central concept in Paradise lost-Satan. Satan is a symbol in Christian doctrine, symbolizing the devil against God. As a result of Milton's rough life experience and influenced by the British Revolution, he unconsciously portrays Satan as an image of persistent resistance to tyranny, injustice and authority, yearning for freedom, and pouring his own sympathy. Satan shows a kind of classical tragic spirit. As a tool of God's purpose, he does not know himself, in fact, he awakens mankind to a new faith road of recombination with God. Satan eventually recognized God's omnipotence, but there was a great theological difference between this admission and non-resistance to direct admission, and Milton, through this contrast, stated his religious point of view that unthinking worship was foolish and blind. The worship of fear is false, but only sincere worship is divine. In chapter IV, By analyzing and comparing the relationship between the Father and the son in Paradise lost and the difference between the basic and fundamental Trinity Theory in the Christian faith, this paper proves that Paradise lost is a transcendence based on the inheritance of the Bible story. The God in Paradise lost is designed to be divided, Milton carefully designed the scene of a dialogue between the Father and the son, showing a "transfer of power" scene. Milton tries to show the reader the image of God in the creation myth of the origin of the world, from the stiff "image of the cold creator" to the "image of the unknown God" with a deep inner feeling. Its core spirit is the love and dedication in the New Testament that Milton believes in.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.072
[Abstract]:John Milton is a great poet in the end of the English Renaissance. His works play an important role in the history of English literature, culture and free thought. His long poem Paradise lost received theologians of all dynasties for his unique perspective on the magnificent myth of Christian creation. The theme of Paradise lost is taken from Genesis in the Old Testament, but it is not a simple description and expansion of this classic, but an interpretation under the influence of Puritanism in England. Fully embodies the English Puritan doctrine and creed. It is through the analysis of the inheritance and transcendence of the Bible in Paradise lost to further study Milton's religious thought that this article is divided into five chapters. The main body of the article consists of the second, third and fourth chapters. In the second chapter, by comparing Paradise lost with the description of human depravity in the Bible, we demonstrate that Paradise lost is not a simple repetition of the Bible story. It borrows from the mythology of Genesis II and III: the creation of God, the creation of man, and the life of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, in which the two men were driven out of the Garden by the temptation of snakes. In the Bible, the story of people losing paradise is less than one page long, but Milton has written this simple story into a 12-volume epic. In Paradise lost, through the pursuit of human free will through true repentance and faith atonement, It reveals the theme of "mankind rebelling against God and returning to God", which embodies Milton's religious view of "free will". Milton made a systematic exposition of this in Christian Doctrine. He thought that if man had no freedom of choice, his loyalty to God would not be a virtue. Likewise, if he had no freedom of choice, he would not be guilty of breaking the injunction, and the punishment of God would not be just. Chapter three describes the most unique and central concept in Paradise lost-Satan. Satan is a symbol in Christian doctrine, symbolizing the devil against God. As a result of Milton's rough life experience and influenced by the British Revolution, he unconsciously portrays Satan as an image of persistent resistance to tyranny, injustice and authority, yearning for freedom, and pouring his own sympathy. Satan shows a kind of classical tragic spirit. As a tool of God's purpose, he does not know himself, in fact, he awakens mankind to a new faith road of recombination with God. Satan eventually recognized God's omnipotence, but there was a great theological difference between this admission and non-resistance to direct admission, and Milton, through this contrast, stated his religious point of view that unthinking worship was foolish and blind. The worship of fear is false, but only sincere worship is divine. In chapter IV, By analyzing and comparing the relationship between the Father and the son in Paradise lost and the difference between the basic and fundamental Trinity Theory in the Christian faith, this paper proves that Paradise lost is a transcendence based on the inheritance of the Bible story. The God in Paradise lost is designed to be divided, Milton carefully designed the scene of a dialogue between the Father and the son, showing a "transfer of power" scene. Milton tries to show the reader the image of God in the creation myth of the origin of the world, from the stiff "image of the cold creator" to the "image of the unknown God" with a deep inner feeling. Its core spirit is the love and dedication in the New Testament that Milton believes in.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.072
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