向善之旅：《钟》人物命运的存在主义解读
发布时间：2018-10-08 21:20
【摘要】：艾丽丝·默多克是英国文学史上著名的作家,与此同时,她小说中所传达的自由选择和向善的理念证明了她也是一位哲学家。她的第四部小说《钟》(1958)以“钟”为中心,围绕新钟和旧钟,讲述了一个世俗宗教团体的形成到解体的故事。受存在主义的影响,默多克的哲学思想主要与“自由”和“善”相关联,关注的是人的生存状态。她的哲学思想巧妙地融合在作品《钟》的“自由”和“善’’的主题中,作品通过对故事中人物的爱情和生活的细腻描写,向读者展示了主人公向善之路的艰辛和美好历程。从存在主义的角度出发,借助存在主义的三个重要观点一一荒诞,异化,自由选择和默多克的哲学思想,综合分析《钟》这部小说主要人物——朵拉,迈克,尼克和凯瑟琳的向善之旅,了解他们的生存状态,深入他们的精神世界,探寻他们如何经历从迷惑到反思,到最后获得新生的过程,有助于读者能够更好地探究小说的主题及其意义。 小说《钟》给读者展示了一幅仿真现实的画面:主人公们生活在荒诞的世界中,感到迷茫、困惑；面对荒诞的世界,渐渐地他们有的与他人关系发生异化,有的进行自我异化；在经历异化的痛苦和挣扎之后,他们开始对自己的人生进行思考并且开始把关注的目光投向他人,逐渐懂得了人有自由选择的权利,最终各自对人生作出不同的自由选择。通过选择,他们获得了自由,在向善的旅途中各自找到了心灵的归宿。具体而言,主人公朵拉在一开始是一个并不独立的女性,在与他人关系发生异化之后,她开始思索自己的人生,最后她选择了独立,获得了自由；迈克是个同性恋,感情世界的荒诞使他自我异化,当他选择把关注的目光投向他人时,他获得了自由；尼克沉溺于过去荒诞的感情经历中,喜欢用行动报复周围的人,在与他人关系发生异化之后,他选择了自杀作为他获得精神解放的方式；凯瑟琳作为一名准修女却爱上了迈克,由于世俗的限制,在开始时,她不得不选择沉默,经过一番思想挣扎,她勇敢地表达了自己的爱,最终获得了精神上的自由。 在小说中,人生被默多克理解为一次为“自由”朝向“善”的精神之旅,倾听钟声的时候,读者不仅听到了钟的“爱”之音,也听到了默多克的“善”之音。
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch is a famous writer in the history of English literature. At the same time, the free choice and the idea of good in her novels prove that she is also a philosopher. Her fourth novel, Bell (1958), centered around the new and old clocks, tells the story of the formation and disintegration of a secular religious community. Influenced by existentialism, Murdoch's philosophy is mainly related to "freedom" and "goodness", and focuses on the state of man's existence. Her philosophical thoughts are skillfully integrated into the themes of "Freedom" and "goodness" in her works "Bell". Through the delicate description of the love and life of the characters in the story, her works show readers the arduous and beautiful course of the protagonist's road to goodness. From the perspective of existentialism, with the help of the three important viewpoints of Existentialism-absurdity, alienation, free choice and Murdoch's philosophy, the main characters of the novel-Dora and Mike, are comprehensively analyzed. Nick and Catherine's journey to the good, to understand their state of existence, to penetrate their spiritual world, to explore how they experience the process from confusion to introspection, and finally to a new life. It helps readers to better explore the theme and significance of the novel. The novel "clock" shows the reader a realistic picture: the protagonists live in the absurd world, feel confused and confused, in the face of the absurd world, some of them gradually dissimilate their relationship with others, some of them dissimilate themselves; After experiencing the pain and struggle of alienation, they began to think about their own life and began to pay attention to others. They gradually understood that people have the right to choose freely, and finally they made different free choices to life. By choosing, they were free to find their own place in the journey of goodness. Specifically, Dora, the protagonist, was at first a woman who was not independent. After dissimilation in her relationship with others, she began to think about her own life, and finally she chose independence and gained her freedom; Mike was gay. The absurdity of the emotional world alienated him, and when he chose to focus his attention on others, he was free; Nick indulged in the absurd emotional experiences of the past and liked to take action against those around him. After dissimilation with others, he chose suicide as his way of spiritual emancipation; Catherine, as an expectant nun, fell in love with Mike and, at first, had to be silent because of worldly limitations. After a struggle of thought, she bravely expressed her love and finally gained spiritual freedom. In the novel, life is interpreted by Murdoch as a spiritual journey of "freedom" towards "goodness". When listening to the bell, the reader hears not only the sound of love, but also the sound of "good" of Murdoch.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2258302
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch is a famous writer in the history of English literature. At the same time, the free choice and the idea of good in her novels prove that she is also a philosopher. Her fourth novel, Bell (1958), centered around the new and old clocks, tells the story of the formation and disintegration of a secular religious community. Influenced by existentialism, Murdoch's philosophy is mainly related to "freedom" and "goodness", and focuses on the state of man's existence. Her philosophical thoughts are skillfully integrated into the themes of "Freedom" and "goodness" in her works "Bell". Through the delicate description of the love and life of the characters in the story, her works show readers the arduous and beautiful course of the protagonist's road to goodness. From the perspective of existentialism, with the help of the three important viewpoints of Existentialism-absurdity, alienation, free choice and Murdoch's philosophy, the main characters of the novel-Dora and Mike, are comprehensively analyzed. Nick and Catherine's journey to the good, to understand their state of existence, to penetrate their spiritual world, to explore how they experience the process from confusion to introspection, and finally to a new life. It helps readers to better explore the theme and significance of the novel. The novel "clock" shows the reader a realistic picture: the protagonists live in the absurd world, feel confused and confused, in the face of the absurd world, some of them gradually dissimilate their relationship with others, some of them dissimilate themselves; After experiencing the pain and struggle of alienation, they began to think about their own life and began to pay attention to others. They gradually understood that people have the right to choose freely, and finally they made different free choices to life. By choosing, they were free to find their own place in the journey of goodness. Specifically, Dora, the protagonist, was at first a woman who was not independent. After dissimilation in her relationship with others, she began to think about her own life, and finally she chose independence and gained her freedom; Mike was gay. The absurdity of the emotional world alienated him, and when he chose to focus his attention on others, he was free; Nick indulged in the absurd emotional experiences of the past and liked to take action against those around him. After dissimilation with others, he chose suicide as his way of spiritual emancipation; Catherine, as an expectant nun, fell in love with Mike and, at first, had to be silent because of worldly limitations. After a struggle of thought, she bravely expressed her love and finally gained spiritual freedom. In the novel, life is interpreted by Murdoch as a spiritual journey of "freedom" towards "goodness". When listening to the bell, the reader hears not only the sound of love, but also the sound of "good" of Murdoch.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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