《辛格顿船长》中的英国性表征

发布时间：2018-11-07 14:14

【摘要】：丹尼尔·笛福是18世纪初期英国著名作家，传统上被称为英国的第一位小说家。其小说《辛格顿船长》（1720）是继《鲁宾逊漂流记》（1719）之后又一部成熟的现实主义力作。小说以主人公辛格顿作为第一人称叙事视角讲述了自己的海外冒险经历。辛格顿与鲁滨逊有着相似的海外的冒险经历，还将后者未完成的帝国事业向前推进了一大步。目前国内对这部小说的专门研究很少，但国外已经有一些研究者从各个方面对这部小说进行过研究，大部分人都注意到《辛格顿船长》具有浓厚的重商殖民主义思想（Mercantile colonialism），是笛福生活时代帝国贸易及殖民实践的真实写照，但很少有人从文化表征的角度思考在十八世纪初期笛福的小说创作与英国性之间的关系。表征是文化研究中的重要概念，将意义和语言以及文化联系起来。在构成主义的语境中，这部小说并不是简单地再现当时的历史故事，或者宣传笛福的个人主张，而是以其虚构的真实性在想象中满足英国人的财富欲望，激发他们的海外探险热情，更重要的是在意识形态方面将辛格顿投身的帝国商业殖民实践合法化，形成体现英国文化核心的“英国性”。英国性的起源和演变都与英帝国的历史发展紧密相关，英国18世纪初兴起的现实主义小说成为这一历史时期对帝国的主要想象形式。读者与作者身处相同的社会文化背景，阅读小说文本时能够与文本中所呈现的遥远世界以及对自我认知达成共识，在想象中共同建构并维持着他们所谓的民族属性。另外，，族裔、民族、文化、宗教的多样性是构成帝国的典型要素，在对英国性进行表征时必须将这些方面纳入分析之中。因此，本文分三章来探讨《辛格顿船长》中对英国性的表征。第一章论述小说对英国人的文明族裔性的表征。辛格顿自幼被带离英国四处漂泊，多年后结束在海外的亡命生涯回国隐居。在海外的冒险旅行中，辛格顿遇见了包括英国人在内的其他很多民族，通过比较英国人与其他民族的宗教特点，凸显了英国宗教的包容性以及英国教徒虔诚坚贞的品格，从而凸显了英国的文明族裔性。而辛格顿也在英国同伴的影响和帮助下，最终改过反省，在忏悔中度过余生。第二章论述小说对英帝国殖民实践的合法表征。辛格顿的海外冒险事业是早期欧洲帝国商业殖民扩张的缩影。辛格顿的非洲探险体现了对非洲内陆这一原始未知地区的探索发现和文明开化，为紧随其后的贸易殖民提供合法依据。其海盗生涯虽然反映了英帝国赤裸裸的财富掠夺和武力征服，但笛福在描写时弱化了辛格顿的暴力倾向，强化了其财富愿望和殖民理想，将辛格顿及其海盗同伙塑造成英勇进取的英国商人形象，俨然这一时期的民族英雄；他们的殖民实践也就理所当然地成为正当的、甚至英雄的帝国事业。第三章论述英帝国中心地位的表征。辛格顿游历四海，通过暴利贸易和海盗犯罪攫取了大量财物，但他却无法从积累的巨额财富中得到满足。在广阔的地理空间里，辛格顿遭遇的各色人种、文化以及在各地的冒险经历为其建构想象中的帝国地理中心提供参照，而辛格顿也在忏悔反省中逐渐认识到英国作为其精神归属中心的重要性，折射出当时正在形成的英国中心主义的民族观念。在某种程度上，笛福在《辛格顿船长》中极富想象力得预见了英帝国的未来扩张图景。通过分析小说中的英国性表征，本文得出结论：小说《辛格顿船长》中对英国性的表征实际上有助于建构了这一特定历史时期普遍认同的英国性，为英国后来成为世界霸权帝国奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Daniel Fluff is a famous British writer in the early 18th century, traditionally known as the first novelist of the United Kingdom. The novel (1720) is another mature realism after the (1719). The novel takes the hero singhton as the first-person narrative perspective on his overseas adventures. Mr singhton has a similar overseas adventure with robinson and a major step forward in the unfinished empire. At present, there are few special studies on this novel in the country, but some researchers have studied the novel from various aspects, most of them note that the captain of the has a strong mercantile culture. It is the true portrayal of the imperial trade and the colonial practice in the life of the flute, but few people think about the relationship between the creation of the flute and the British character in the early 18th century from the perspective of the cultural representation. The representation is an important concept in the study of culture, which links the meaning and the language and the culture. In the context of symbolism, the novel is not simply to reproduce the historical story of the time, or to promote the personal claim of the flute, but to satisfy the British's wealth desire in the imagination of its fictional reality, and to stimulate their overseas adventure The passion, more important, is to legalize the commercial colonial practice of the empire, which is the core of the British culture, in terms of ideology, and to form a "British nature" that is the core of the British culture. The origin and evolution of British character are closely related to the historical development of the British Empire. The realistic novel, which emerged in the early 18th century, is the main imagination of the Empire during this historical period. The reader and the author are in the same social and cultural background, and when reading the text of the novel, the reader can reach a consensus on the remote world presented in the text and the self-cognition, and construct and maintain the so-called nation in the imagination. Property. In addition, the diversity of ethnic, national, cultural and religious is a typical element of the Empire and must be included in the analysis of the British nature Of course, this article is divided into three chapters to explore the "Captain of Singleton>" The characterization of the country. The first chapter discusses the civilization of the novel to the English The characterization of the sexual nature. Singleton was taken from the UK for many years and ended his life overseas. In an overseas adventure, Mr. Singleton met many other people, including the British, by comparing the religious characteristics of the British and other peoples, highlighting the inclusiveness of the British religion and the integrity of the British, thus highlighting the British The ethnic character of the civilization, and the influence and the help of the British peer, and finally the reflection, in the repentance. The second chapter discusses the British Empire's colonial practice The legal representation of Singleton's overseas adventure is the early European empire's commercial colonization. The epitome of the expansion. Singleton's African expeditions reflect the discovery and the civilisation of the discovery and civilization of the original unknown region of the land of Africa, which is to be brought to the next trading settlement. The legal basis. Its pirate career, while reflecting the naked wealth of the British Empire and the conquest of force, has, in its description, weakened Mr. Singleton's tendency to violence, strengthened his wealth and colonial ideals, and created the heroic and aggressive English of Mr. Singleton and his pirates. The image of the nation's merchants, the national hero of this period, and their colonial practices naturally become legitimate, even heroes The Empire's cause. The third chapter discusses the British Empire Center. The characterization of the status. Singleton, the four seas, seized a lot of money through the violent trade and the piracy crime, but he couldn't get a lot of money from the accumulation. In a wide geographic space, the various ethnic, cultural and risk-taking experiences of Mr. Singleton have provided references for the imperial geography of its construction imagination, and Mr. Singleton has also gradually realized that the United Kingdom as its spiritual home The importance of the heart, reflecting the English-centrism that was being formed at that time The idea of a nation. To some extent, the flute is very imaginative in the captain of the 【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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