石黑一雄《无可慰藉》中的绝境

发布时间：2018-12-16 12:19

【摘要】：英国文坛不可或缺的领军人物之一、英籍日裔作家石黑一雄的作品在评论界和读者中都引起了广泛的关注。自其处女作《远山淡影》出版以来,石黑一雄陆续发表了《浮世画家》、《长日留痕》、《无可慰藉》、《上海孤儿》、《永远别让我离去》等多部具有国际影响力的作品。其最新作品《夜曲》在评论界也广受好评。贯穿石黑一雄作品的是主人公在自我叙述中回忆过去,审视未来。本文的研究对象《无可慰藉》用梦幻般的语言讲述了主人公的噩梦——世界闻名的钢琴家瑞德先生来到一座不知名的中欧城市,以期通过钢琴独奏会帮助这里的人们重新找回其文化重心,解决其危机。但瑞德不仅没能帮助别人,反而自己却身陷这个文本交织的梦魇世界中,无可慰藉。迄今为止,评论家已经从梦境分析、移民心态、后现代时空扭曲、心理学等角度对该作品作了解读,但石黑一雄作品的一个重要主题——“绝境”却极少有评论家提及。基于对小说文本的细读和对大量评论资料的研究,结合德里达的“绝境”理论,本文将从三个层面着力探讨作品中的个人绝境、家庭绝境以及社区绝境。本文首先从“绝境”这一概念入手,对其定义及词源学起源作了一个简单的梳理,继而从历时的角度综述了从柏拉图到德里达以及当代学者对“绝境”的理解,并将理论基础同小说文本结合,对本文中特指的“绝境”概念作了具体阐明。接着分别以主人公瑞德、酒店经理霍夫曼以及过气醉鬼钢琴家布罗茨基为例,对小说中表现出的个人绝境作了阐明。瑞德的绝境可以称为迷失之绝境,具体表现为其身体上的身处迷途及精神上的茫然若失；霍夫曼的绝境可以称为个性之绝境,主要表现为其近乎变态的自卑心理及由此衍生的自暴自弃；而布罗茨基的绝境则为沉迷之绝境,具体表现为其对自身身体创伤及心灵缺憾的病态沉迷。以个人绝境为圆心,本文继续分析了以上三人代表的三个家庭各自所面临的绝境。瑞德—苏菲—鲍里斯家庭的绝境源自于瑞德和苏菲的夫妻交流缺失以及瑞德和鲍里斯之间的父子隔阂。霍夫曼—克里斯汀—斯蒂芬家庭的绝境来自于家庭成员间的极度不平等关系,包括霍夫曼和克里斯汀夫妻关系的失衡以及霍夫曼夫妇同斯蒂芬之间的不和谐亲子关系。布罗茨基—柯林斯—布鲁诺家庭绝境则由柯林斯同布罗茨基病态沉迷的竞争及其对未来的不知所措导致。在家庭绝境的基础上,本文又从不确定性、无力感及自我欺骗三个层面进一步探讨了弥漫在整个城市上空的社区绝境。基于以上分析,本文在结论部分对绝境这一主题作了进一步升华,回答了“谁才是无可慰藉之人”的问题,并指明了这一问题对现代人整体生存状态的影响。
[Abstract]:One of the indispensable leading figures in the British literary world, the works of British Japanese writer Ishihiro Ishiki have attracted wide attention in critics and readers. Since the publication of his first work, "distant Mountain Shadow", Ishihiro Yi-hsiung has published "floating Age Painters", "long Day Trail", "No consolation", "Shanghai Orphans", "never let me go" and many other works with international influence. His latest work, Nocturne, is also well received by critics. Throughout Ishihiro's works, the protagonist recalls the past and examines the future in his self-narration. The subject of this paper, "No consolation", tells the hero's nightmare in dreamlike language: Mr. Rhett, the world famous pianist, comes to an unknown city in Central Europe. Through the piano recital to help people here to regain their cultural focus, to resolve its crisis. Instead of helping others, Rhett found himself in a world of intertwined nightmares. So far, critics have interpreted the work from the perspectives of dream analysis, immigrant mentality, post-modern space-time distortion, psychology and so on. Based on the close reading of the novel texts and the study of a large number of critical materials, combined with Derrida's "desperate situation" theory, this paper will focus on the personal, family and community situation in the works from three aspects. This paper begins with the concept of "desperate situation" and makes a simple combing of its definition and etymological origin, and then from a diachronic point of view summarizes the understanding of "desperate situation" from Plato to Derrida and contemporary scholars. Combining the theoretical basis with the text of the novel, the concept of "desperate situation", which is specifically referred to in this paper, is expounded in detail. Then, taking the hero Rhett, hotel manager Hoffman and the drunken pianist Brodsky as examples, the author illustrates the personal situation in the novel. Rhett's desperate situation can be called the lost desperate situation, the concrete manifestation is his body in the lost path and the spirit of the lost if lost; Hoffman's desperate situation can be called the desperate situation of personality, which is mainly manifested in its almost abnormal inferiority complex and its derived self-abdication. And Brodsky's desperate situation is the desperate situation of indulgence, which is manifested by his morbid addiction to his own physical trauma and spiritual imperfection. Taking the personal poverty as the center, this paper continues to analyze the three families who are represented by the above three families. The end of the Ryder-Sufi-Boris family stems from the lack of communication between Rhett and Sophie and the paternity gap between Rhett and Boris. The Hoffman-Christian-Stephen family's desperate situation comes from the extreme inequality between the family members, including the imbalance between Hoffman and Christine and the disharmony between Hoffman and Stephen. The Brewzky-Collins-Bruno family is the result of Collins' rivalry with Brodsky's morbid obsession and his confusion about the future. On the basis of the family poverty, this paper further discusses the community despair that pervades the whole city from the three aspects of uncertainty, powerlessness and self-deception. Based on the above analysis, this paper further sublimates the subject of the desperate situation in the conclusion, answers the question of "who is no consolation", and points out the influence of this question on the overall living state of modern people.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.06

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