俄苏文学中的哥萨克形象研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 16:41

【摘要】：历史上的哥萨克用他们自由不羁的气质和神秘原始的生活方式给早期俄国作家们构筑了一个浪漫的“哥萨克梦”。他们或是浪漫的草原骑兵,或是野蛮的化身。而本文则发现了一个长期被忽略的哥萨克群体,他们被困囿在高度集体化的农庄之中,或成为顺从权力的“被收编者”,或成为反抗权力的哥萨克“圣愚”。本论文的写作目的正是将这些集体农庄中的“顺从者”和“反抗者”一并纳入哥萨克形象之林,以哥萨克的自由本性与外部权力之间的斗争为线索,重新梳理俄苏文学中哥萨克形象的变化过程。本论文将俄苏小说中的哥萨克形象分列置于三个最具代表性的场景,以不同的理论来分析不同场景中哥萨克形象的特质：第一部分着眼于密林草原中的哥萨克。这些哥萨克是贴近自然的、野性质朴的,同时也是被文明排斥的、被“边缘化”的。在这一部分笔者运用萨义德“东方主义”理论和比较文学形象学的相关理论,来分析哥萨克作为“他者”的生存境遇。第二部分重新解读战场上的哥萨克骑兵。他们好战、善战,却在战斗中被“骗”走了自由,被“纪律”捆绑了不羁的灵魂,特别是革命队伍中留恋自由的“红色哥萨克”们,在懵懂中陷入了权力的圈套,又因迟到的清醒而痛苦不堪。在这一部分,笔者运用福柯关于权力的论述及革命与自由的相关理论,来分析哥萨克骑兵在不同性质的军事组织中的形象特质,透析权力在与自由交战中设计的重重陷阱。第三部分将重点研究集体农庄中的哥萨克。他们丢掉了战马,开起了农机,哥萨克的激情丧失殆尽,自由的灵魂被彻底扼杀。在这一部分,笔者运用艾娃·汤普逊博士提出的俄国文化中的“圣愚”传统和“圣愚辩证法”以及福柯的权力理论,重点分析体制对自由的毁灭。集体农庄中的哥萨克无论是作为顺从权力的“被收编者”还是作为反抗权力的哥萨克“圣愚”,都最终迎来了“真正的末日”。本文最后得出结论：哥萨克群体一直是俄国社会中被动等待主体选择性崇拜或贬斥的“他者”;其各类文学形象都是作家进行上述选择性塑造的结果,他们追逐却从未享有过自由；最终,权力者用“纪律”、“体制”等手段扼杀了自由的希望,世间已无哥萨克。
[Abstract]:Historical Cossacks built a romantic Cossack dream for early Russian writers with their unrestrained temperament and mysterious primitive way of life. They are either romantic steppe cavalry or savage incarnations. In this paper, we find a long neglected group of Cossacks trapped in highly collectivized farms, either as "collected editors" who obey power, or as Cossacks "saint-fools" who resist power. The purpose of this thesis is to bring the "obedient" and "rebellious" in these collective farms into the forest of Cossack images, taking the struggle between Cossack's free nature and external power as the clue. Rearrange the changing process of Cossack image in Russian and Soviet literature. In this paper, the Cossack images in Russian and Soviet novels are divided into three most representative scenes, and the characteristics of Cossack images in different scenes are analyzed with different theories: the first part focuses on Cossacks in dense forest and grassland. These Cossacks are close to nature, wild and simple, but also rejected by civilization and marginalized. In this part, the author uses the theory of "Orientalism" and the theory of comparative literature to analyze Cossack's existence as "other". The second part reinterprets the Cossack cavalry on the battlefield. They are belligerent and warlike, but in battle they are "deceived" into freedom, bound by "discipline" to their unruly souls, especially the "Red Cossacks" in the revolutionary ranks who yearn for freedom and fall into the trap of power in ignorance. And suffering from the sobriety of being late. In this part, the author uses Foucault's theory of power and revolution and freedom to analyze the image characteristics of Cossack cavalry in different kinds of military organizations, and to analyze the traps designed by power in fighting against freedom. The third part will focus on the study of the Cossack in the collective farm. They lost their horses, opened their farm machinery, lost their Cossacks, and killed the soul of freedom. In this part, the author makes use of the tradition of "holy folly" in Russian culture, the dialectics of "holy folly" and Foucault's theory of power, and focuses on the destruction of freedom by the system. The Cossack in the collective farm, whether as the "editor" who obeys the power or as the "saint fool" who resists the power, finally ushered in "the real apocalypse". Finally, this paper draws a conclusion that the Cossack group has always been the "other person" in Russian society who has been passively waiting for the subject to worship or derogate selectively; All kinds of literary images are the result of the writers' selective portrayal, and they have never enjoyed freedom. In the end, the powerful stifle the hope of freedom by means of discipline and system, and there are no Cossacks in the world.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.06

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