高中生物《遗传与进化》生活化教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 03:25

本文关键词：高中生物《遗传与进化》生活化教学策略研究　出处：《重庆三峡学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生活化教学是一种强调"与生活相联系"的新兴教学方式,其实质是注重人的亲身经历和经验,包括了将生活引入课堂和将知识用于生活两部分。它符合高中生身心发展规律,也适应学习的构建主义理论和最近发展区理论。它能调动学生学习的主动性,全面提升学生各种素质,是当今培养"实干型"人才最理想的教学方式。生活化教学在各国各学科中的理论和实践研究都已经比较普遍。但是,在中国,生活化教学结合《遗传与进化》模块的研究还未见报道。因此,本论文围绕高中生物《遗传与进化》生活化教学策略从以下两个方面开展了探索性研究。首先是理论研究方面。1、查看了生活化教学相关的文献资料,了解了生活化教学的定义、理论基础和研究现状。2、分析了人教版高中生物教材《遗传与进化》的结构体系、教学目标和教材内容,发现:(1)教材内容贴近生活,甚至与人类相关;(2)以遗传的历史发现为线索,以多种与生活相联系的栏目为辅助,构建了一套以遗传信息为中心的知识体系;(3)生活化教学对教学目标的达成作用巨大。3、整理出适合用于生活化教学的三种策略,分别设计并分析了以"DNA是主要遗传物质"为例的科学史教学案例、以"杂交育种和诱变育种"为例的PBL教学案例和以"伴性遗传"为例的CBS教学案例,说明了高中生物《遗传与进化》进行生活化教学的可行性。其次是实证研究方面。主要针对高二学生对生活化教学策略在《遗传与进化》模块中的应用现状开展了调查研究,主要结果表明:1、学生认为《遗传与进化》教学难点多,大多数学生学习遗传与进化模块的学习动机只是为了应对考试,但是对《遗传与进化》教材中的各种栏目兴趣较高。2、有96.39%的学生认为生活化教学对学生学习有积极影响,也有88.29%的学生认为有必要在《遗传与进化》模块中使用生活化教学。3、在实际教学中,教师会联系生活教学,但学生很少利用知识解决实际问题,原因是学生很少关注生活。4、67.57%的学生认为生活能帮助《遗传与进化》的学习,同时《遗传与进化》也可以改变学生生活。可见,生活化教学对学生和教师都有积极的影响,有利于《遗传与进化》的教学。因此,本论文研究结果可以在一定程度上弥补生活化教学研究在《遗传与进化》模块的缺失,同时设计的典型教学案例也可为《遗传与进化》教学提供参考。
[Abstract]:Life teaching is a new teaching method which emphasizes "connecting with life", and its essence is to pay attention to the personal experience and experience of people. Including the introduction of life into the classroom and the use of knowledge in the two parts of life. It conforms to the law of high school students' physical and mental development, but also adapt to the constructive theory of learning and the theory of the proximal development zone. It can mobilize the initiative of students to learn. It is the most ideal teaching method to cultivate "practical" talents by comprehensively improving students' various qualities. The theoretical and practical research of life-oriented teaching in various subjects of various countries has been quite common. However, in China. The research on the combination of life teaching and genetics and evolution has not been reported. This paper focuses on the teaching strategies of high school biology "heredity and evolution" from the following two aspects: the first is theoretical research. In this paper, the definition, theoretical basis and research status of life-oriented teaching are understood, and the structural system, teaching objectives and teaching material contents of "inheritance and Evolution" in Senior High School Biology textbook of Humanistic Education Edition are analyzed. It is found that the content of the textbook is close to life and even related to human beings; (2) taking the historical discovery of heredity as the clue, and taking a variety of columns connected with life as the assistant, a set of knowledge system centered on genetic information is constructed. 3) Life teaching has a great effect on the achievement of teaching objectives, and three strategies suitable for life teaching have been sorted out. The teaching cases of history of science which take DNA as the main genetic material are designed and analyzed respectively. The teaching cases of PBL and CBS were taken as the example of "cross breeding and mutation breeding" and "sex inheritance" as an example. This paper explains the feasibility of life teaching in Senior High School Biology "heredity and evolution", followed by empirical research. It mainly aims at the current situation of the application of teaching strategy of life to senior high school students in the module of "Genetics and Evolution". To investigate and study. The main results are as follows: 1, the students think that there are many difficulties in the teaching of heredity and evolution, and most of the students learn the module of heredity and evolution only in order to cope with the examination. However, 96.39% of the students thought that life teaching had a positive effect on students' learning. There are also 88.29% students think that it is necessary to use life teaching. 3 in the module of heredity and evolution. In actual teaching, teachers will contact life teaching, but students seldom use knowledge to solve practical problems. The reason is that students pay little attention to life. 67.57% of students think that life can help the study of "inheritance and evolution", and "heredity and evolution" can also change the student's life. Life teaching has a positive effect on both students and teachers, which is beneficial to the teaching of heredity and evolution. The results of this paper can make up for the deficiency of the module of "heredity and evolution" in the life teaching research to some extent, at the same time, the typical teaching cases designed can also provide a reference for the teaching of "heredity and evolution".
【学位授予单位】：重庆三峡学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.91

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