集合模型、几何图模型和曲线模型在高中生物学教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:55

本文选题：集合模型　切入点：几何图模型　出处：《广西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高中生物学中蕴含着丰富的数学模型资源,这些模型的建构比较适合采用探究性教学,这与普通高中生物学课程标准倡导的理念是一致的。高中生物学常见的数学模型有比例模型、概率模型、公式模型、集合模型、几何图模型和曲线模型等,不同类型的数学模型具有不同的属性。因此,在高中生物学中借助数学模型来解决问题时,要考虑教学内容或知识点的特点,并选择恰当的数学模型来辅助教学。本研究采用文献查阅法和经验总结法,挖掘并归纳高中生物学中的集合模型、几何图模型和曲线模型,分析每个模型所代表的内容、规律或过程,探讨高中生物学中的哪些知识点适合借助集合模型、几何图模型和曲线模型来辅助教学。本研究挖掘并归纳了：生态系统、群落、种群与个体构成的集合模型,大量元素构成的集合模型,DNA和RNA的化学组成成分构成的集合模型等11个集合模型。对归纳的集合模型分析后发现,教师可在高中生物学教学中引导学生主动建构集合模型,更好的区分某些概念之间差异、范畴关系,理解和记忆某些物质在组成成分或结构上的区别。本研究挖掘并归纳了：组成人体细胞的主要元素饼状图,分泌蛋白分泌过程中的膜面积变化柱形图,生态系统的能量金字塔形图等11个几何图模型。对归纳的几何图模型分析后发现,几何图模型一般比较复杂,教师在教学中没有必要引导学生主动的建构,只需要借助几何图模型来直观、明了的理解某些生物学知识即可。本研究挖掘并归纳了：呼吸作用速率与温度的关系曲线模型,酶促反应速率与温度的关系曲线模型,有丝分裂过程中染色体数目的变化曲线模型等18个曲线模型。在整理和归纳的生物曲线类型中,酶的特性相关曲线、生长素的生理作用曲线等模型适合用于引导学生观察、讨论和分析；物质跨膜运输方式的曲线、“J”与“S”型种群数量增长曲线等模型则适合用于引导学生比较、讨论和分析；温度对呼吸作用强度的影响曲线、光照强度对光合作用强度影响曲线、有丝分裂过程中染色体数目和DNA分子数目的变化曲线等模型涉及的内容比较抽象,需要引导学生在课堂教学中主动的建构、讨论和分析。本研究还通过实验法,探究了课堂教学中学生主动建构模型与被动建构模型,对学生识别、运用曲线图和作图能力的影响。教学实践中统计了实验组和对照组的学生在识别、运用曲线题的得分情况,并用SPSS对两组学生的成绩进行了描述性分析和显著性差异分析,结果显示两组学生的得分情况相似且不存在显著差异；教学实践中又统计了实验组和对照组的学生在建构曲线题的得分情况,也用SPSS对两组学生的成绩进行了描述性分析和显著性差异分析,结果显示两组学生的成绩存在显著差异,且实验组学生的成绩高于对照组。综上所述,教师在课堂教学中引导学生主动建构模型与被动建构模型,对学生识别、运用曲线模型的能力影响不大；但是引导学生主动的建构曲线模型,可明显提高学生的曲线作图能力。
[Abstract]:High school biology contains a mathematical model of resource rich, more suitable for the construction of the model of the inquiry teaching, which is consistent with the advocacy of ordinary high school biology curriculum standard idea. The mathematical model of high school biology are common scale model, probabilistic model, formula model, set model, geometry model and curve model. The mathematical model of different types have different properties. Therefore, using mathematical models in high school biology to solve problems, to consider the characteristics of the teaching content and knowledge points, and select the appropriate mathematical model to assist teaching. This study adopts literature review method and experience summary method, mining and induction set model in high school biology the geometric graph model and curve model, analysis of each model to represent the contents of law or procedure, suitable for study based on the set point of what knowledge in high school biology The geometric model, graph model and curve model to assist teaching. The research on mining and summarizes the ecosystem, community, population and individual constitute the set model, set model elements, DNA and RNA chemical composition of a set of model 11 set model. Found on the set model of the analysis after and teachers in high school biology teaching to guide students to actively construct a collection of model differences, better distinguish between certain concepts, understanding and memory of certain substances in the composition or structure difference. The research on mining and summarizes the main elements: the cells of the body to the pie chart, the membrane area changes column secretion protein secretion in the process of ecological system of Pyramid energy Figure 11 geometry model. For geometric graph model analysis, geometric graph model is generally very complicated, teachers In the process of teaching is not necessary to guide students to active construction, only need to use geometric graph model to intuitive, clear understanding of some biological knowledge. This study mining and summarizes the relationship curve model of respiration rate and temperature, the relationship curve model of enzymatic reaction rate and temperature, the number of chromosomes during mitosis the change curve model 18 curve model. In the biological curve type arrangement and induction, characteristic correlation curve of enzyme, auxin physiological function curve model suitable for guiding students to observe, discuss and analysis; substance trans membrane transport mode curve, "J" and "S" type population growth curve the model is suitable for students, discussion and analysis; curve effect of temperature on the respiration intensity, light intensity curve effect on photosynthesis, mitosis, Cheng Zhongran The number of DNA molecules and relates to body color changes in the number of curve models such as abstract, need to guide students to construct in the classroom teaching initiative, discussion and analysis. Through the experimental method, explores the classroom teaching students active construction model and construction model of passive, student recognition, affect the use of Graphs and drawing ability in the teaching practice. The statistics of experimental group and control group students in recognition scores using curve problem, and use SPSS to two groups of students scores were analyzed for descriptive analysis and significant differences in scores of the two groups showed similar and there is no significant difference between the teaching practice and statistics; in the experimental group and control group students in the score curve construction problem, SPSS is also used for the two groups of students on the scores were analyzed for descriptive analysis and significant differences, the results showed that the two groups to learn There are significant differences of students, and the students in the experimental group scores higher than the control group. In conclusion, teachers guide students to actively construct model and passive construction model in classroom teaching, the students recognition ability is not affected by the curve model; but the guide curve construction of students active model, can significantly improve the curve mapping ability of the students.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.91

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