美国农村中小学不合格教师退出机制及其对我国的启示研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 05:34

本文选题：不合格教师　切入点：教师评价　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于现有的编制制度不合理,我国农村教师队伍存在着总量超编和结构性缺编共存的尴尬局面。一方面,农村教师结构性缺编,教师数量不能满足学校的实际教学需要以及部分学科教师编制严重不足；另一方面,大量的不合格教师占据着教师编制,导致新的、优秀的教师难以进入农村教师队伍。现有的退出机制的不完善,导致农村教师队伍中优秀的教师进不来,不合格的教师退不出去,严重影响着农村教师队伍的健康发展。农村中小学不合格教师退出机制的建设已经成为解决农村教师队伍建设问题的关键。美国是世界上经济最发达的国家,教育领域也走在世界前列。美国的教师退出机制以法律为基础,在运用正当事由和正当程序退出不合格教师方面积累了丰富的经验,有效平衡了学区和教师之间的利益,形成了一套较完善的不合格教师退出机制。反观我国,由于法律没有对不合格教师的退出标准和退出程序做出明确的规定,我国农村中小学不合格教师退出机制存在着教师退出难与教师不当退出的双重风险与问题。教师队伍里存在着大量的不合格教师,不仅对教师人事管理制度改革造成了一定的阻碍,对农村学校教育质量也有着一定的影响。本文除引言外由三个部分组成。第一部分,笔者主要运用文献法从发展历史、退出主体、退出程序以及不当退出的补救措施四个方面梳理了美国中小学不合格教师退出机制的内容体系。第二部分主要运用案例分析法分析了3个典型的美国农村解聘教师的案例,从美国农村不合格教师的补救程序是否符合规范、不合格教师评价结果是否符合评价标准以及教师退出过程是否遵循了“理由充分”和“正当程序”原则这3个方面具体再现美国农村解聘教师的过程。第三部分则是从教师的解聘比例、解聘事由、解聘程序、解聘权力主体和退出后的保障五个方面分析我国农村不合格教师退出机制的现状,结合美国农村中小学不合格教师退出机制的经验和问题,从事由法定、科学评估、程序规范、保障建设四个方面对我国农村不合格教师退出机制建设提出相关建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the unreasonable establishment system, there is an awkward situation that the total amount of teachers in our country is overstaffed and the structure is deficient. On the one hand, there is a structural shortage of teachers in rural areas. The number of teachers can not meet the actual teaching needs of schools and the serious shortage of some subject teachers; on the other hand, a large number of unqualified teachers occupy the establishment of teachers, leading to new, It is difficult for excellent teachers to enter the rural teacher team. The existing exit mechanism is not perfect, leading to the failure of the excellent teachers in the rural teacher team and the inability of the unqualified teachers to retreat. It has seriously affected the healthy development of rural teachers. The construction of withdrawal mechanism of unqualified teachers in rural primary and secondary schools has become the key to solve the problem of rural teachers. The United States is the most economically developed country in the world. The withdrawal mechanism of teachers in the United States is based on law and has accumulated rich experience in applying due cause and due process to withdraw unqualified teachers, effectively balancing the interests between school districts and teachers. A set of perfect withdrawal mechanisms for unqualified teachers has been formed. On the other hand, because the law does not have clear provisions on the withdrawal standards and procedures of unqualified teachers, There are double risks and problems in the withdrawal mechanism of unqualified teachers in rural primary and secondary schools. There are a large number of unqualified teachers in the contingent of teachers. It not only hinders the reform of teachers' personnel management system, but also has a certain influence on the quality of rural school education. This paper consists of three parts except the introduction. Withdraw from the subject, The exit procedure and the remedial measures of improper withdrawal have combed the content system of the withdrawal mechanism of the unqualified teachers in American primary and secondary schools. The second part mainly uses the case analysis method to analyze three typical cases of rural teachers in the United States. Whether the remedial procedures for unqualified teachers in rural areas of the United States are in accordance with the norms, Whether the evaluation results of unqualified teachers meet the evaluation criteria and whether the withdrawal process of teachers follows the principles of "well-reasoned" and "due process" concretely reproduces the process of firing teachers from rural areas in the United States. It is from the proportion of teachers who are dismissed, This paper analyzes the current situation of the withdrawal mechanism of unqualified teachers in rural areas in our country from five aspects: the reason for dismissal, the procedure for dismissal, the subject of dismissal and the guarantee after withdrawal. Combined with the experience and problems of the withdrawal mechanism of unqualified teachers in primary and secondary schools in rural areas of the United States, they are engaged in statutory work. Four aspects of scientific evaluation, standard procedure and guarantee construction are put forward for the construction of withdrawal mechanism of unqualified teachers in rural areas of our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G635.1

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