非稳定性抗阻力训练对高中男子铁饼运动员爆发力的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 18:35

【摘要】：随着全球竞技体育运动的不断壮大,运动训练方法与手段的创新与科技的进步引领着体育的发展。铁饼项目是速度与力量主导的体能类项目,抗阻力量训练的方法与形式、负荷强度与周期变化直接影响着铁饼运动员的爆发力水平与比赛成绩的发挥。高中运动员作为体育后备力量,在这个阶段进行的抗阻训练不仅要基础全面,更要关注抗阻的形式与内容的结构安排。非稳定性抗阻与稳定性抗阻是铁饼项目训练共同存在的两种不同形式。非稳定性抗阻训练以及科学的周期训练的加入相对于以往追求绝对力量、缺什么练什么的训练计划制定更加对铁饼运动员神经肌肉的募集与协调控制能力以及运动成绩表现有着很大的帮助与促进。本文采用了文献资料法、实验法、测试法和数理统计法,对高中铁饼男子运动员在8周非稳定性抗阻周期训练下的爆发力效果进行实验研究和数理分析。以山东省滕州市一中的所以10名铁饼男运动员为受试对象,并将参与受试的对象分为了实验组与对照组。实验组与对照组在主体训练部分重建了原有训练结构的同时将实验组加入了非稳定性的抗阻功能训练元素,对照组在一切条件不变的情况下只对非稳定性进行单因素变换。经过8周的周期训练,来反映高中铁饼男子运动员爆发力的6项指标及相关专项成绩进行测试,并对实验的结果进行数据统计与分析,得出以下结论：1.不间断的8周非稳定抗阻力训练对受试的高中男子运动员6项爆发力指标及1.5公斤和2公斤铁饼专项成绩均有不同程度上的提升2.两个周期后实验组使坐推3公斤实心球与仰坐侧抛3公斤实心球及后抛铅球这3项爆发力指标的提升幅度明显高于对照组的提升水平。立定跳远、30米冲刺跑、15秒击掌俯卧撑在两组间均未产生提升幅度上的差异性。3.周期抗阻力量训练加入非稳定性因素后实验组较对照组出现了1.5公斤和2公斤铁饼成绩不同的增长情况,虽然2公斤铁饼成绩增长不明显,但主教练及队员共同反映实验组在技术动作之间衔接的合理与稳定程度及对器械感的控制程度都有了一定的改观。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of global competitive sports, the innovation of sports training methods and means and the progress of science and technology lead the development of sports. The discus project is a kind of physical ability item which is dominated by speed and strength. The method and form of resistance training, the change of load intensity and cycle directly affect the level of explosive force and the performance of discus athletes. High school athletes, as the reserve force of sports, should not only have a comprehensive foundation, but also pay more attention to the structural arrangement of the form and content of resistance. Unstable resistance and stable resistance are two different forms of discus training. The addition of unstable resistance training and scientific periodic training is relative to the past pursuit of absolute strength, The lack of what training plan is more helpful to the discus athletes' neuromuscular recruitment, coordination and control ability, as well as the performance of sports performance. By using the methods of literature, experiment, test and mathematical statistics, this paper makes an experimental study and mathematical analysis on the explosive force effect of the male discus athletes in the 8 weeks' unstable resistance cycle training. Ten male discus athletes from Tengzhou No. 1 Middle School in Shandong Province were selected as subjects and the subjects were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group and the control group reconstructed the original training structure in the part of the main body training while adding the unstable resistance function training element to the experimental group. The control group only carried on the single factor transformation to the instability under the condition that all the conditions were invariable. After 8 weeks of cycle training, to reflect the high school discus male athletes explosive strength of 6 indicators and related special results were tested, and the results of the experimental data statistics and analysis, the following conclusions: 1. The uninterrupted 8 weeks of unsteady resistance training improved 6 explosiveness indexes and 1.5 kg and 2 kg discus special results of the male high school athletes to varying degrees. After two cycles, the three explosive force indexes of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, which were 3 kg solid ball, 3 kg solid ball and 3 kg shot put. Standing long jump 30 meters sprint, 15 seconds high five push-ups between the two groups did not produce the difference in the range of promotion. 3. The results of 1.5 kg and 2 kg discus in the experimental group were different from those in the control group, although the results of the 2 kg discus did not increase obviously after the inclusion of unstable factors in the cyclic resistance strength training. But the coach and the players reflect the reasonable and stable degree of the connection between the technical movements and the control degree of the instrument sense in the experimental group.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.96

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