新乡市中学足球队员运动损伤流行病学调查及其预防研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 07:22

【摘要】：足球运动的激烈对抗性,在训练或比赛中难免会产生运动损伤。本文运用流行病学的研究方法对新乡市中学足球队员的运动损伤进行调查,对其损伤特征进行分析,找出损伤成因,试提出预防对策及建议,从而减少新乡市中学足球队员的运动损伤,提高其运动能力,对我国校园足球的发展有着重要意义。本文主要通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实地考察法等研究方法,对新乡市10所青少年校园足球特色中学的足球队员和教练员进行了调查,研究结果表明:1.新乡市中学足球队员年龄范围在11至19岁之间,正处于青少年发育时期,85.5%的足球队员没有运动等级;89.8%的中学足球队员在进入校队训练期间都曾有过不同程度的运动损伤;运动损伤部位多为踝关节(30.31%)、膝关节(21.18%)、小腿(13.60%);运动损伤类型主要为扭伤、擦伤和拉伤,其中扭伤的发生率最高,达到损伤次数的35.13%;51.84%的损伤是中度损伤;急性损伤的发病率为77.34%;队员损伤多发生于冬季;51.34%的运动损伤发生在赛前集训期;根据调查,70%的中学足球队都没有固定队医,对于运动损伤后的治疗与恢复安排并不十分合理。2.新乡市中学足球队员运动损伤致伤成因包括训练因素、技术因素、生理因素、心理因素和场地器材、运动装备、天气及对手恶意犯规等。其中准备活动不充分是造成新乡市中学足球队员运动损伤的最主要因素,达到13.03%;技术因素中技术动作不熟练占7.29%;生理因素中7.37%是由肌肉力量不足为造成的;自我保护意识差是最主要的心理因素,占4.25%;场地器材占4.53%,运动装备占2.55%,天气因素占1.42%,对手恶意犯规占2.55%。3.提出了教练员在安排运动员训练时要考虑到青少年的身体发育特征,因材施教;球队所在学校应加强有利于校园足球发展的设施建设,创造优良的训练环境;教练要合理安排正式训练和比赛前的准备活动,进行充分拉伸;球队所在学校要配备专业的队医,加大对队员的医务监督力度;提高队员的自我保护意识;在训练比赛时注意选择合适的装备以及护具的佩带;加强对队员进行思想道德教育,遵守比赛规则等对策。
[Abstract]:The fierce adversarial of football will inevitably result in sports injury in training or competition. This paper investigates the sports injuries of middle school football players in Xinxiang City by using the method of epidemiology, analyzes the characteristics of the injuries, finds out the causes of the injuries, and puts forward some preventive measures and suggestions. It is of great significance for the development of campus football in our country to reduce the sports injury and improve the sports ability of the football players in Xinxiang middle school. Based on the methods of literature, questionnaire, expert interview and field investigation, this paper investigates the football players and coaches in 10 junior football schools in Xinxiang. The results show that: 1. The age range of middle school football players in Xinxiang city is between 11 and 19 years old. 85.5% of the football players in Xinxiang middle school have had different degree of sports injury in the period of entering the school team training. 85.5% of the football players are in the period of youth development. Most of the sports injuries were ankle joint (30.31%), knee joint (21.18%), lower leg (13.60%), the main types of sports injuries were sprain, bruise and strain, among which the incidence of sprain was the highest, and 51.84% of the injuries reached 35.131.84%. The incidence of acute injury was 77.34, and 51.34% of sports injuries occurred in winter. According to the investigation, 70% of middle school football teams had no fixed team doctors, so the treatment and recovery arrangements after sports injury were not very reasonable. 2. The causes of sports injuries of middle school football players in Xinxiang city include training factors, technical factors, physiological factors, psychological factors and field equipment, sports equipment, weather and malicious fouls of opponents, etc. Among them, inadequate preparation activities are the most important factor causing sports injury of football players in Xinxiang City, reaching 13.03, technical factors being unskilled in 7.29, physiological factors 7.37% caused by insufficient muscle strength; Poor self-protection consciousness was the most important psychological factor, accounting for 4.25%, 4.53 for field equipment, 2.55 for sports equipment, 1.422for weather factor, 2.55.3. for hostile foul. It is suggested that the coaches should take into account the physical development characteristics of young people and teach them according to their aptitude when arranging the training of athletes, and that the school where the team is located should strengthen the facilities that are conducive to the development of campus football and create a good training environment. The coach should arrange the formal training and the preparation activities before the match reasonably, carry on the full stretch; the school of the team should be equipped with the professional team doctor, strengthen the medical supervision of the players, improve the self-protection consciousness of the team members; In the training competition, we should choose the appropriate equipment and wear the protective gear, strengthen the ideological and moral education of the players, abide by the rules of the game and other countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R873;G633.96

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