中学历史教学中灾害史教育问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 08:47
【摘要】：灾害是经常发生的,历史上曾发生过许多重大灾害。这些灾害对社会发展产生了一定的影响。当前世界灾害的严峻形势及中国发展面临的现实灾害问题,需要对未来生态文明社会建设主力军的中学生进行灾害史教育,加强他们对灾害问题的正确认识及人类文明发展历程的整体感知,使他们了解人类社会的发展与自然环境的密切关系,形成正确的灾害观、历史观和文明观。现行人教版中学历史教科书中对中国历史上的自然灾害有所涉及,但存在灾害史内容总体数量偏少、介绍简略、内容分布零散,非教学重点知识,灾害大多只是作为历史事件或历史人物的背景材料出现,无专门介绍灾害史的专题,灾害史地位未能凸显,灾害事例选取不典型,对灾害的描述分类不清、表述不明等很多问题,不利于对中学生进行灾害史教育。问卷调查及访谈结果显示,在中学历史教学中,灾害史教育存在目的不明确、未受教师重视、课时比重小,多数历史教师缺乏灾害素养等问题,直接影响着学生的灾害意识和能力的培养,调查中反映出的问题与教科书灾害史内容不足密切相关,灾害史教育亟待加强。在中学历史教学中,利用灾害史料对中学生进行灾害教育,使学生充分认识灾害对经济社会发展和人民生产生活的影响,提高防灾减灾意识,需要教育工作者采取相应的优化策略:在生态文明建设及新一轮课程改革背景下修订课程标准,明确灾害史教育目标,优化教科书结构增补灾害史重要内容,构建体系化的灾害史知识脉络;整合灾害史教学资源,利用地方实际情况及乡土灾害资源开发灾害史校本课程;改革灾害史教学方法,吸收多学科灾害教育优势,实行跨学科合作教学模式探索灾害史教学新途径,合理利用中高考试题引领灾害史教学,合理利用灾害史史料进行教学设计,通过对教科书中灾害史内容的改进、灾害史资源的整合及教学方法的改革激发学生的探索精神,普及灾害史知识,提高防灾减灾意识,达到灾害史教育的目的。
[Abstract]:Disasters occur frequently, and many major disasters have occurred in history. These disasters have a certain impact on social development. At present, the severe situation of disasters in the world and the realistic disaster problems facing the development of China need to educate the middle school students who are the main force of the construction of ecological civilization and society in the future on the history of disasters. By strengthening their correct understanding of disaster problems and the overall perception of the course of human civilization development, they can understand the close relationship between the development of human society and the natural environment, and form a correct view of disaster, history and civilization. In the current history textbook of middle school in the education edition of people, the natural disasters in the history of China are involved, but the contents of the disaster history are on the low side, the introduction is brief, the content is scattered, and the key knowledge of non-teaching is not the key knowledge. Most disasters appear as historical events or background materials of historical figures. There are no special topics on disaster history, the status of disaster history is not prominent, the selection of disaster cases is not typical, and the description and classification of disasters are not clear. Many problems, such as unclear expression, are not conducive to the education of disaster history for middle school students. The results of questionnaire and interview show that in the history teaching of middle school, the goal of disaster history education is not clear, not paid attention to by teachers, the proportion of class hours is small, and most history teachers lack disaster literacy, etc. The problems reflected in the investigation are closely related to the insufficient contents of the textbook disaster history, and the education of disaster history needs to be strengthened urgently. In the history teaching of middle school, the disaster education should be carried out on the middle school students by using the disaster historical data, so that the students can fully understand the influence of the disaster on the economic and social development and the production and life of the people, and raise the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. It is necessary for educators to adopt corresponding optimization strategies: to revise the curriculum standards under the background of ecological civilization construction and new curriculum reform, to clarify the educational objectives of disaster history, and to optimize the structure of textbooks to supplement the important contents of disaster history. Constructing systematic knowledge of disaster history, integrating teaching resources of disaster history, exploiting school-based curriculum of disaster history using local actual situation and local disaster resources, reforming the teaching method of disaster history, absorbing the advantages of multi-disciplinary disaster education, In order to improve the content of disaster history in textbooks, the interdisciplinary cooperative teaching mode should be implemented to explore new ways of disaster history teaching, to lead the teaching of disaster history by using the examination questions of the middle school entrance examination reasonably, and to make use of the historical materials of disaster history reasonably to carry out teaching design. The integration of disaster history resources and the reform of teaching methods stimulate the students' spirit of exploration, popularize the knowledge of disaster history, raise the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, and achieve the purpose of disaster history education.
【学位授予单位】：天水师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51
本文编号：2204342
[Abstract]:Disasters occur frequently, and many major disasters have occurred in history. These disasters have a certain impact on social development. At present, the severe situation of disasters in the world and the realistic disaster problems facing the development of China need to educate the middle school students who are the main force of the construction of ecological civilization and society in the future on the history of disasters. By strengthening their correct understanding of disaster problems and the overall perception of the course of human civilization development, they can understand the close relationship between the development of human society and the natural environment, and form a correct view of disaster, history and civilization. In the current history textbook of middle school in the education edition of people, the natural disasters in the history of China are involved, but the contents of the disaster history are on the low side, the introduction is brief, the content is scattered, and the key knowledge of non-teaching is not the key knowledge. Most disasters appear as historical events or background materials of historical figures. There are no special topics on disaster history, the status of disaster history is not prominent, the selection of disaster cases is not typical, and the description and classification of disasters are not clear. Many problems, such as unclear expression, are not conducive to the education of disaster history for middle school students. The results of questionnaire and interview show that in the history teaching of middle school, the goal of disaster history education is not clear, not paid attention to by teachers, the proportion of class hours is small, and most history teachers lack disaster literacy, etc. The problems reflected in the investigation are closely related to the insufficient contents of the textbook disaster history, and the education of disaster history needs to be strengthened urgently. In the history teaching of middle school, the disaster education should be carried out on the middle school students by using the disaster historical data, so that the students can fully understand the influence of the disaster on the economic and social development and the production and life of the people, and raise the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. It is necessary for educators to adopt corresponding optimization strategies: to revise the curriculum standards under the background of ecological civilization construction and new curriculum reform, to clarify the educational objectives of disaster history, and to optimize the structure of textbooks to supplement the important contents of disaster history. Constructing systematic knowledge of disaster history, integrating teaching resources of disaster history, exploiting school-based curriculum of disaster history using local actual situation and local disaster resources, reforming the teaching method of disaster history, absorbing the advantages of multi-disciplinary disaster education, In order to improve the content of disaster history in textbooks, the interdisciplinary cooperative teaching mode should be implemented to explore new ways of disaster history teaching, to lead the teaching of disaster history by using the examination questions of the middle school entrance examination reasonably, and to make use of the historical materials of disaster history reasonably to carry out teaching design. The integration of disaster history resources and the reform of teaching methods stimulate the students' spirit of exploration, popularize the knowledge of disaster history, raise the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, and achieve the purpose of disaster history education.
【学位授予单位】：天水师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51
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