百年中学历史教科书中的法国大革命
发布时间：2018-09-17 16:30
【摘要】：作为深刻影响20世纪世界历史的西方历史事件,法国大革命在中国近代中学历史教科书诞生之初就占据着一席之地。自清末中学历史教科书产生至今一百多的历史当中,法国大革命在教科书中的书写发生了显著变化。清末民初的中学历史教科书,多凸显法国大革命"动乱"的属性,将"乱民"视为革命重要的推动力,教科书总体上也倾向于同情立宪王政、反感暴力革命的立场;1922年学制改革之后教科书突出了法国大革命伸张民权的意旨,革命的暴力和恐怖得到了愈来愈多的同情,革命的阶级色彩也日趋明显,就书写角度而言,以工农阶级为中心的"人民"开始争夺革命主导权,工农群体的利益开始受到真切关注。伴随着民族危机的加深,"国家主义"也最终战胜"世界主义",成为法国大革命书写重要之旨归。建国后,历史教科书中的法国大革命以反封建专制的资产阶级革命的形象出现,并将革命主要动力归之于"人民"。深受苏联史学和政治思想的影响,大革命书写表现出浓厚的阶级论调,强调资产阶级革命同无产阶级革命的根本区别,从而实际上否定了大革命的历史作用。自八十年代末始,大革命书写淡化了阶级斗争的论调,并透露出许多新的气息,在新思想和新课标的浸润之下,法国大革命在历史教科书中的篇幅大幅缩减,其关注点也发生转移,凸显出新时代注重人类文明发展的意涵。法国大革命在教科书中的书写变化,深刻折射出国人革命观念的转型、世界史理念的变迁,也呈现时代、教科书、史家与史学之间的互动与关联。综观现行历史教科书中的法国大革命,仍有不少问题值得反思和改进,大革命书写应当做出与时俱进的调整,以更好地发挥出革命史教育的功效。
[Abstract]:As a Western historical event that profoundly influenced the world history in the 20th century, the French Revolution occupied a place at the beginning of the birth of the history textbook of Chinese modern middle school. Since the history of middle school history textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty, the French Revolution has changed significantly in the textbooks. In the middle school history textbooks of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the attributes of the "turmoil" of the French Revolution were highlighted, and the "chaos" was regarded as an important driving force of the revolution, and the textbooks generally tended to sympathize with the establishment of the constitutional king's government. After the 1922 school system reform, the textbooks highlighted the intention of the French Revolution to assert civil rights, and the violence and terror of the revolution gained more and more sympathy, and the class color of the revolution became increasingly evident. From the perspective of writing, The people, centered on the class of workers and peasants, began to fight for the leading power of the revolution, and the interests of the workers and peasants began to be paid close attention to. With the deepening of the national crisis, nationalism finally defeated cosmopolitanism and became an important aim of writing the French Revolution. After the founding of the people, the French Revolution in the history textbook appeared as an anti-feudal autocratic bourgeois revolution, and the main motive force of the revolution was attributed to the people. Deeply influenced by Soviet historiography and political thought, the writing of the Great Revolution showed a strong class argument and emphasized the fundamental difference between the bourgeois revolution and the proletarian revolution, which in fact negated the historical function of the Great Revolution. Since the late 1980s, the writing of the Great Revolution has played down the argument of class struggle and revealed a lot of new atmosphere. Under the infiltration of new ideas and new curriculum standards, the French Revolution has greatly reduced its space in history textbooks. Its attention has also shifted, highlighting the new era of attention to the development of human civilization. The writing changes of the French Revolution in textbooks profoundly reflect the transformation of Chinese revolutionary ideas and the changes of world history concepts, and also present the interaction and relationship between the times, textbooks, historians and historiography. Looking at the French Revolution in the current history textbooks, there are still many problems to be reconsidered and improved. The writing of the Revolution should be adjusted with the times so as to play a better role in the education of revolutionary history.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51
本文编号：2246489
[Abstract]:As a Western historical event that profoundly influenced the world history in the 20th century, the French Revolution occupied a place at the beginning of the birth of the history textbook of Chinese modern middle school. Since the history of middle school history textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty, the French Revolution has changed significantly in the textbooks. In the middle school history textbooks of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the attributes of the "turmoil" of the French Revolution were highlighted, and the "chaos" was regarded as an important driving force of the revolution, and the textbooks generally tended to sympathize with the establishment of the constitutional king's government. After the 1922 school system reform, the textbooks highlighted the intention of the French Revolution to assert civil rights, and the violence and terror of the revolution gained more and more sympathy, and the class color of the revolution became increasingly evident. From the perspective of writing, The people, centered on the class of workers and peasants, began to fight for the leading power of the revolution, and the interests of the workers and peasants began to be paid close attention to. With the deepening of the national crisis, nationalism finally defeated cosmopolitanism and became an important aim of writing the French Revolution. After the founding of the people, the French Revolution in the history textbook appeared as an anti-feudal autocratic bourgeois revolution, and the main motive force of the revolution was attributed to the people. Deeply influenced by Soviet historiography and political thought, the writing of the Great Revolution showed a strong class argument and emphasized the fundamental difference between the bourgeois revolution and the proletarian revolution, which in fact negated the historical function of the Great Revolution. Since the late 1980s, the writing of the Great Revolution has played down the argument of class struggle and revealed a lot of new atmosphere. Under the infiltration of new ideas and new curriculum standards, the French Revolution has greatly reduced its space in history textbooks. Its attention has also shifted, highlighting the new era of attention to the development of human civilization. The writing changes of the French Revolution in textbooks profoundly reflect the transformation of Chinese revolutionary ideas and the changes of world history concepts, and also present the interaction and relationship between the times, textbooks, historians and historiography. Looking at the French Revolution in the current history textbooks, there are still many problems to be reconsidered and improved. The writing of the Revolution should be adjusted with the times so as to play a better role in the education of revolutionary history.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51
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