高中生英语空主语和空宾语习失的调查研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 12:42
【摘要】：空语类是指具有某些句法和语义功能,但没有实际语音表现的语言成分(徐烈炯,1994),这是二语习得研究中一个重要的语言现象。英语属于主语突出的语言,受到主谓一致和时态特征等影响,在句法结构中不允许空主语和空宾语的出现。而汉语属于话题突出的语言,在汉语句子中,有无主语和宾语都是合语法的(Yuan,1997)。习失(unlearning)指的是学习者通过对新语言系统(L2)的学习,原有语言系统(L1)对新语言系统的影响逐渐消失的过程(郑超,2003)。习得是指学习者对一语或二语语言能力的获得,而习失则是学习者在二语习得过程中逐渐摆脱一语语法干扰的过程。本文以普遍语法的原则和参数理论为框架,采用语法判断测试题,考察了高中英语学习者在习失空主语和空宾语参数方面的情况。本文的测试题参照戴曼纯等(2009)、于善志等(2012)相关测试卷并根据受试水平进行调整编制而成。一共有129名被试参加了测试,其中高一年43名,高二年42名,高三年44名,将所得数据输入SPSS中,并用单因素方差分析、双因素方差分析和简单效应进行数据统计。根据所得数据和相关文献得出如下结论:(1)随着英语学习能力和英语水平的提高,高中学习者拒绝英语空主语和空宾语的正确率也随之提高,习失空主语和空宾语的情况越好。(2)高中学习者对英语空主语和空宾语的习失具有显著的不对称性,相对于英语空宾语,学习者更易习失英语空主语。(3)高中学习者对主句和从句中的空主语和空宾语的习失具有不对称性,相对于从句中的空成分,学习者更易习失主句中的空成分。(4)相对于英语空虚主语it,高中学习者更易拒绝空所指主语,同时,虚主语it和所指性主语的习得具有相关性。据以上结论,本研究提出英语教师在教学方法的选择上应以教学内容和学生水平为依据;在教学过程中要加强英汉两种语言差异的对比;在教学内容上加强学生对英语从句的理解和学习,同时要关注虚主语和其它触发性材料的输入,并在适当的时候提供相应的反面证据帮助学生重设母语参数。
[Abstract]:Empty language category refers to language elements which have some syntactic and semantic functions but have no actual phonetic expression (Xu Lijiong, 1994), which is an important linguistic phenomenon in the study of second language acquisition. English is a prominent subject language, which is influenced by subject-predicate consistency and tenses, so empty subject and empty object are not allowed in syntactic structure. But Chinese belongs to the topic prominent language, in the Chinese sentence, whether the subject and the object both are syntactic (Yuan,1997). (unlearning) refers to the process in which the influence of the original language system (L1) on the new language system gradually disappears (Zheng Chao, 2003) through the learning of the new language system (L2). Acquisition refers to the acquisition of a language or a second language competence by a learner, while habituation is a process in which a learner gradually gets rid of the grammatical interference of a language in the process of second language acquisition. Based on the principle of universal grammar and the theory of parameters, this paper, using the grammar judgment test, examines the situation of senior English learners in terms of the parameters of empty subjects and empty objects. According to Dai Manchun et al. (2009), Yu Shanzhi et al. (2012) and adjusted according to the test level. A total of 129 subjects took part in the test, including 43 in Senior one, 42 in Senior two and 44 in Senior three. The data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by univariate ANOVA, double-factor ANOVA and simple effect. According to the obtained data and relevant literature, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) with the improvement of English learning ability and English proficiency, the correct rate of high school learners' rejection of empty subjects and empty objects also increases. The better the situation of empty subject and empty object is. (2) High school learners have significant asymmetry in English empty subject and empty object, compared with empty object in English. Learners are more likely to lose their empty subjects. (3) High school learners have asymmetries to the empty subjects and empty objects in the subjects and clauses, compared with the empty elements in the clauses. Learners are more likely to learn the empty elements in the main sentence. (4) compared with the empty subject it, senior high school learners are more likely to reject the empty reference subject and the acquisition of the virtual subject it has a correlation with the acquisition of the signified subject. According to the above conclusions, this study suggests that English teachers' choice of teaching methods should be based on the teaching content and students' level, and that the differences between English and Chinese should be strengthened in the process of teaching. At the same time, we should pay attention to the input of fictitious subject and other trigger materials, and provide relevant negative evidence to help students reset their native language parameters when appropriate.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.41
本文编号：2327135
[Abstract]:Empty language category refers to language elements which have some syntactic and semantic functions but have no actual phonetic expression (Xu Lijiong, 1994), which is an important linguistic phenomenon in the study of second language acquisition. English is a prominent subject language, which is influenced by subject-predicate consistency and tenses, so empty subject and empty object are not allowed in syntactic structure. But Chinese belongs to the topic prominent language, in the Chinese sentence, whether the subject and the object both are syntactic (Yuan,1997). (unlearning) refers to the process in which the influence of the original language system (L1) on the new language system gradually disappears (Zheng Chao, 2003) through the learning of the new language system (L2). Acquisition refers to the acquisition of a language or a second language competence by a learner, while habituation is a process in which a learner gradually gets rid of the grammatical interference of a language in the process of second language acquisition. Based on the principle of universal grammar and the theory of parameters, this paper, using the grammar judgment test, examines the situation of senior English learners in terms of the parameters of empty subjects and empty objects. According to Dai Manchun et al. (2009), Yu Shanzhi et al. (2012) and adjusted according to the test level. A total of 129 subjects took part in the test, including 43 in Senior one, 42 in Senior two and 44 in Senior three. The data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by univariate ANOVA, double-factor ANOVA and simple effect. According to the obtained data and relevant literature, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) with the improvement of English learning ability and English proficiency, the correct rate of high school learners' rejection of empty subjects and empty objects also increases. The better the situation of empty subject and empty object is. (2) High school learners have significant asymmetry in English empty subject and empty object, compared with empty object in English. Learners are more likely to lose their empty subjects. (3) High school learners have asymmetries to the empty subjects and empty objects in the subjects and clauses, compared with the empty elements in the clauses. Learners are more likely to learn the empty elements in the main sentence. (4) compared with the empty subject it, senior high school learners are more likely to reject the empty reference subject and the acquisition of the virtual subject it has a correlation with the acquisition of the signified subject. According to the above conclusions, this study suggests that English teachers' choice of teaching methods should be based on the teaching content and students' level, and that the differences between English and Chinese should be strengthened in the process of teaching. At the same time, we should pay attention to the input of fictitious subject and other trigger materials, and provide relevant negative evidence to help students reset their native language parameters when appropriate.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.41
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