日本小初一贯制改革研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 09:51

【摘要】：经济发展,教育先行。在全球化大背景下,教育改革势在必行。从古至今,中小学教育对于一个国家乃至整个世界而言,都是基础性、全民性和持久性的社会发展原动力。无论是西方诸国,还是与我们同属亚洲文化圈的日本,都特别重视中小学教育的发展。21世纪的日本在知识经济、中小学阶段学生学力不断下降等背景下,进行了义务教育改革,实行小初一贯制教育。探究日本小初一贯制教育改革,审视我国九年一贯制教育现状,是我国义务教育发展的不二之选。本文的主要研究方法是文献研究法、比较研究法、因素分析法和个案研究法,绪论部分的课题来源、研究目的、研究意义、国内外研究现状综述、研究创新点和重难点以及相关概念界定等为本研究正文部分的展开奠定了坚实的基础。正文在对日本小初一贯制改革的原因进行详细分析的基础之上,将改革过程大体上分为肇始、推进和完善三个阶段,并结合东京都品川区、青森县三户町等地区的个案分析,深入探究日本小初一贯制改革的实行措施。同时,总结出了日本小初一贯制改革中课程编制与实施具有连续性和阶段性、重视学生身心发展的差异性、由点到面、由局部到整体的方式推进三个特点。根据多方调查与取证,归纳出日本小初一贯制改革取得的成效,如教师和学生意识发生很大变化、有效缓解了“初一鸿沟”现象、大大提升了学生的学力水平、适应了学生的身心发展和缓解了应试教育带来的压力。同时指出了改革过程中存在的若干问题,包括教学内容提早化、管理难度增大、财政问题加剧、教育公平遭到质疑以及教师压力亟待缓解等。最终针对我国九年一贯制教育改革的发展概况,得出了合理划分学段、课程编制注重整体连贯性、学生个体差异性及地方特色、修订相应法律法规、建立义务教育学校示范区、制定独立的学习指导纲领等关键启示,为我国九年一贯制教育发展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Economic development, education first. Under the background of globalization, education reform is imperative. From ancient to present, primary and secondary education is the basic, universal and persistent motive force of social development for a country and even the whole world. Both Western countries and Japan, which is part of the Asian cultural circle, attach particular importance to the development of primary and secondary education. In the context of the knowledge economy and the declining academic ability of students in primary and secondary schools in the 21st century, The reform of compulsory education has been carried out, and primary and secondary education has been implemented. It is the best choice for the development of compulsory education in Japan to probe into the reform of primary education in Japan and to examine the present situation of nine-year system of education in China. The main research methods of this paper are literature research method, comparative research method, factor analysis method and case study method. The innovation points, the important difficulties and the definition of related concepts lay a solid foundation for the development of the main body of this study. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the reasons for the reform of Japan's primary system, the text divides the reform process into three stages: starting, advancing and perfecting, and combining with the case studies of the areas of Pinagawa District, Aomori Prefecture, etc. To probe into the implementation measures of Japan's primary system reform. At the same time, the author summarizes the three characteristics of curriculum establishment and implementation in primary school reform in Japan, which are continuous and phased, pay attention to the difference of students' physical and mental development, from point to face, from part to whole. According to various investigations and evidence, this paper sums up the achievements of Japanese junior high school system reform, such as the great changes in teachers' and students' consciousness, which effectively alleviates the phenomenon of "the gap between the first grade of junior high school" and greatly improves the students' academic ability. It adapts to the students' physical and mental development and relieves the pressure brought by examination-oriented education. At the same time, this paper points out some problems existing in the course of reform, including the advance of teaching content, the increasing difficulty of management, the aggravation of financial problems, the questioning of educational fairness, and the urgent need to alleviate the pressure of teachers, etc. Finally, in view of the general situation of the development of nine-year continuous education reform in China, it is concluded that the school section should be divided reasonably, the curriculum should pay attention to the coherence of the whole, the students' individual differences and local characteristics should be paid attention to, the corresponding laws and regulations should be revised, and the demonstration area of compulsory education schools should be established. The establishment of independent learning guidelines and other key enlightenment for the development of nine-year system of education to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.313

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