解释水平、选项框架、任务特征对听障大学生风险决策偏好的影响
发布时间：2019-03-02 12:10
【摘要】：框架效应(framing effect)是指人们面对实际意义相同但语言表述为正面描述或负面描述的决策问题时,会表现出不同的决策偏好,出现选择偏差的现象。自1981年,Tversky和Kahneman初次将这一现象命名为框架效应后,在风险决策领域不断涌现出关于框架效应的研究。以往的研究包括在不同决策情境中框架效应验证性研究以及框架效应影响因素的研究。解释水平是指人们对事件的心理表征水平具有不同的抽象程度,不同解释水平反映了不同的认知方式,认知方式的差异会影响人们的决策结果。解释水平理论起源于心理距离的研究,时间、概率、社会距离作为心理距离的重要维度,同样也是影响风险决策偏好的重要因素。以往关于解释水平理论的研究,主要集中在探讨解释水平对人们感知和估计心理距离的影响,还未涉及到风险决策领域。同样,对于解释水平和外显的心理距离线索之间如何相互影响还少有人探讨。听障人群由于听觉经验的长期缺失,导致其认知发展水平与健听人群存在一定的差异,这种差异可能会影响到社会决策能力。以往的研究很少涉及听障人群的社会认知研究。本研究通过比较听障被试和健听被试在不同实验处理下风险决策偏好的差异,来探析听障被试的决策偏好特征,同时,考察解释水平和三种维度的外显心理距离线索之间的关系。 整个研究包括四个实验。实验一,选取听障被试和健听被试,分别接受高解释水平和低解释水平思维定势启动实验,采用生命决策任务,探讨不同解释水平对两类被试的风险决策偏好的影响；实验二,选取接受不同解释水平思维定势启动实验的听障被试和健听被试,采用不同时间距离的经济决策任务,比较了两类被试的风险偏好差异,考察了解释水平和时间距离之间的关系；实验三,选取接受不同解释水平思维定势启动实验的听障被试和健听被试,采用不同概率水平的选课任务,比较了两类被试的风险偏好差异,考察了解释水平和时间概率之间的关系；实验四,选取接受不同解释水平思维定势启动实验的听障被试和健听被试,采用不同社会距离的兼职决策任务,比较了两类被试的风险偏好差异,考察了解释水平和社会距离条件之间的关系。 统合四个实验数据分析结果,得出以下结论：(1)在生命任务、经济任务、兼职任务和选课任务这四种不同的决策情境中,听障被试比健听被试表现出更多的风险寻求,两类被试在不同选项框架下所产生的框架效应无显著性差异。(2)在没有外显心理距离线索的生命决策任务中,低解释水平的被试比高解释水平的被试更容易产生框架效应。(3)在近时间距离条件下,高解释水平比低解释水平表现出更多的风险寻求。在低概率水平下,低解释水平比高解释水平的被试表现出更多的风险寻求。根据决策的双系统理论,时间距离、概率水平和解释水平之间具有相似的影响机制。(4)社会距离并没有表现出与时间距离和概率大小相似的机制,这可能是因为不同的心理距离维度对风险偏好的影响方式相似,但也存在差异。
[Abstract]:Framing effect refers to the phenomenon that people face different decision-making preferences and choose deviation when people face the decision-making problem with the same practical meaning but the language is expressed as a positive description or a negative description. Since 1981, Tversky and Kahneman first named the phenomenon as the framework effect, the research on the framework effect has been emerging in the field of risk decision-making. Previous studies included a framework-effect validation study in different decision-making contexts, as well as a study of the impact of the framework effects. The level of interpretation means that people have different degrees of abstraction of the level of psychological representation of the event, and different levels of interpretation reflect different cognitive styles, and the difference of cognitive style will affect the decision-making result of people. The study, time, probability and social distance of the theory of interpretation from the psychological distance are the important dimensions of the psychological distance, and it is also an important factor to influence the decision-making preference of the risk. In the past, the research on the interpretation of the level theory mainly focuses on the influence of the interpretation level on the people's perception and the estimation of the psychological distance, and has not involved the risk decision-making field. In the same way, there is less discussion of how to influence the influence of the horizontal and explicit psychological distance cues. Due to the long-term loss of auditory experience, the cognitive development level of the hearing-impaired population is different from that of the healthy listening population, which may affect the social decision-making ability. Previous studies rarely involve the social cognitive study of the hearing-impaired population. This study is to explore the characteristics of the decision-making preference of the hearing impaired by comparing the difference of the audiological barrier to the risk decision-making preference under different experimental conditions, and to examine the relationship between the interpretation level and the external psychological distance clue of the three dimensions. The whole study consists of four facts Test one, select the hearing impaired to be tried and be tried, accept the high interpretation level and the low interpretation level thinking fixed potential start experiment, adopt the life decision task, discuss the influence of the different interpretation level on the risk decision preference of the two types of subjects; 2. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to be tested, adopt the economic decision-making task with different time distance, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the relation between the interpretation level and the time distance; 3. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to be tested, adopt the different probability level selection task, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the relation between the interpretation level and the time probability; 4. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to the test, adopt the part-time decision task with different social distance, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the correlation between the interpretation level and the social distance condition. Based on the results of the four experimental data analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) In the four different decision-making situations of life task, economic task, part-time task and course selection task, the hearing impaired is tried to show more wind than the test. The frame effect of the two types of subjects under the framework of different options is not significant Sex differences. (2) In the life decision-making task with no explicit psychological distance leads, the test of the low level of interpretation is easier to produce than the trial of the higher interpretation level. The frame effect. (3) At the near-time distance, the high interpretation level shows more wind than the low interpretation level At a low probability level, a low level of interpretation shows more wind than a test of a high level of interpretation. Risk-seeking. There is a similar shadow between the two-system theory, the time distance, the probability level and the interpretation level according to the decision. The response mechanism. (4) The social distance does not show a mechanism similar to the time distance and the probability size, which may be due to the similarity of the different psychological distance dimensions to the risk preference, but also
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G762
本文编号：2433040
[Abstract]:Framing effect refers to the phenomenon that people face different decision-making preferences and choose deviation when people face the decision-making problem with the same practical meaning but the language is expressed as a positive description or a negative description. Since 1981, Tversky and Kahneman first named the phenomenon as the framework effect, the research on the framework effect has been emerging in the field of risk decision-making. Previous studies included a framework-effect validation study in different decision-making contexts, as well as a study of the impact of the framework effects. The level of interpretation means that people have different degrees of abstraction of the level of psychological representation of the event, and different levels of interpretation reflect different cognitive styles, and the difference of cognitive style will affect the decision-making result of people. The study, time, probability and social distance of the theory of interpretation from the psychological distance are the important dimensions of the psychological distance, and it is also an important factor to influence the decision-making preference of the risk. In the past, the research on the interpretation of the level theory mainly focuses on the influence of the interpretation level on the people's perception and the estimation of the psychological distance, and has not involved the risk decision-making field. In the same way, there is less discussion of how to influence the influence of the horizontal and explicit psychological distance cues. Due to the long-term loss of auditory experience, the cognitive development level of the hearing-impaired population is different from that of the healthy listening population, which may affect the social decision-making ability. Previous studies rarely involve the social cognitive study of the hearing-impaired population. This study is to explore the characteristics of the decision-making preference of the hearing impaired by comparing the difference of the audiological barrier to the risk decision-making preference under different experimental conditions, and to examine the relationship between the interpretation level and the external psychological distance clue of the three dimensions. The whole study consists of four facts Test one, select the hearing impaired to be tried and be tried, accept the high interpretation level and the low interpretation level thinking fixed potential start experiment, adopt the life decision task, discuss the influence of the different interpretation level on the risk decision preference of the two types of subjects; 2. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to be tested, adopt the economic decision-making task with different time distance, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the relation between the interpretation level and the time distance; 3. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to be tested, adopt the different probability level selection task, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the relation between the interpretation level and the time probability; 4. Select the hearing barrier to accept the different interpretation level thinking and start the experiment to be tried and Jian to the test, adopt the part-time decision task with different social distance, compare the difference of the risk preference between the two groups, and examine the correlation between the interpretation level and the social distance condition. Based on the results of the four experimental data analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) In the four different decision-making situations of life task, economic task, part-time task and course selection task, the hearing impaired is tried to show more wind than the test. The frame effect of the two types of subjects under the framework of different options is not significant Sex differences. (2) In the life decision-making task with no explicit psychological distance leads, the test of the low level of interpretation is easier to produce than the trial of the higher interpretation level. The frame effect. (3) At the near-time distance, the high interpretation level shows more wind than the low interpretation level At a low probability level, a low level of interpretation shows more wind than a test of a high level of interpretation. Risk-seeking. There is a similar shadow between the two-system theory, the time distance, the probability level and the interpretation level according to the decision. The response mechanism. (4) The social distance does not show a mechanism similar to the time distance and the probability size, which may be due to the similarity of the different psychological distance dimensions to the risk preference, but also
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G762
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