不同运动方式和情境对大学生社会性体格焦虑影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:08

本文选题：运动形式 + 运动情境　；参考：《华东师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 随着自我表现理论在社会心理学领域再度成为研究者关注的热点,在运动和锻炼心理学领域中,从自我表现角度考察身体锻炼行为也受到了人们的重视。社会性体格焦虑作为测量在运动和锻炼情境下与体格有关的自我表现关注的指标,近20年来体育和心理学工作者对此领域的研究做出了很大贡献。然而,我国本土化的《社会性体格焦虑问卷》自2003年编制以来,后续的相关研究一直没有跟上。本研究通过有关运动形式和情境对社会性体格焦虑影响的相关文献资料的分析梳理,利用本土化的《社会性体格焦虑问卷》以及相关量表和问卷进行调查,并通过实验研究试图发现不同的运动形式和运动情境对我国大学生社会性体格焦虑以及相关心理和生理因素的作用,并探讨其中的作用机制。整个研究包括以下部分: 第一部分主要对整个研究的目的和问题进行阐述,并从总体上对研究进行了构想和设计。第二部分为文献综述。首先对社会性体格焦虑的概念和理论基础进行归纳和梳理;其次,对社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为的关系进行简单介绍,最后对国外不同运动形式、运动频率和运动情境对社会性体格焦虑影响的相关研究进行详细的分析和总结,同时进一步归纳与总结社会性体格焦虑与相关心理变量以及人口统计学指标的关系。通过对已有研究成果的分析,提出需要思考和研究的问题。第三部分为本研究核心,在经过《社会性体格焦虑问卷》筛选后,将Z≥1的大学生作为研究对象,通过12周实验干预研究不同运动方式和情境对社会性体格焦虑及相关变量的影响。此部分包括四项研究: 研究一对352名高社会性体格焦虑被试进行了相关特征分析。研究表明:(1)体重是影响大学生社会性体格焦虑的重要因素,但不是唯一因素,形态学指标(尤其是围度指标)也不能忽视。尤其是女生,无论体型正常与否,主观的感知与意向影响着大学生社会性体格焦虑的形成。(2)男生比女生更多地参加课余体育锻炼,但是他们都从事小锻炼量的体育活动。女生的锻炼原因多与体型相关,而男生则多与体型无关。(3)男女生均喜欢与朋友一起锻炼,其次是集体锻炼,最不喜欢独自锻炼。性别是影响被试在锻炼环境中社会性体格焦虑变化的重要因素之一。(4)女生在体重控制行为中与男生不同,体育锻炼并不是主要的行为手段,而饮食控制是更为重要的手段之一。研究二主要考察了不同体能锻炼形式对118名大学生社会性体格焦虑的影响,并了解其中的中介变量。研究表明:(1)力量、有氧耐力以及力量与有氧耐力混合三种体能锻炼方式均能有效的降低大学生社会性体格焦虑。(2)男生进行力量锻炼对社会性体格焦虑的降低优于女生,力量锻炼是男生改善或者降低社会性体格焦虑的最佳锻炼方式;女生进行力量与有氧耐力混合锻炼对社会性体格焦虑的降低优于男生,混合锻炼是女生改善或者降低社会性体格焦虑的最佳锻炼方式。(3)三种锻炼方式均能有效促进大学生身体健康和以及身体自尊和身体自我效能的提高,从而促进心理健康。(4)不同体能锻炼方式对社会性体格焦虑的影响过程中,力量素质指标、身体自尊、身体自我效能以及由身体自尊和身体自我效能组成的心理因素在其中起中介作用。研究三主要考察不同运动情境对150名大学生社会性体格焦虑的影响,并了解其中的中介变量。研究表明:(1)不同运动情境下的身体锻炼均能有效降低大学生社会性体格焦虑。集体认知情境下的锻炼对于社会性体格焦虑的降低优于个人非认知情境下的锻炼。但是对于女生,各种运动情境间没有显著差异。(2)认知对大学生社会性体格焦虑的影响有一定的性别差异。(3)不同运动情境下的身体锻炼均能有效促进大学生身体健康和以及身体自尊和身体自我效能的提高,从而促进心理健康。(4)认知情境对社会性体格焦虑发生影响的过程中,心理因素以及身体自尊分指标起到中介变量的作用。(5)锻炼情境下的性别因素对大学生社会性体格焦虑有一定影响。研究四主要考察短时多次运动形式对43名大学生社会性体格焦虑以及部分生理和心理因素的影响。研究表明:(1)单独短时多次的锻炼方式能够有效的降低大学生社会性体格焦虑,同时提高身体自尊和身体自我效能,男女无差异。(2)单独短时多次锻炼形式能够促进生理健康水平,尤其对于力量素质的增长优于一次长时锻炼形式。(3)单独短时多次锻炼方式与单独一次长时锻炼方式对于男女大学生社会性体格焦虑以及身体自尊和身体自我效能的影响并没有显著差异。但是单独短时多次锻炼形式可能更适于男生,而单独一次长时锻炼方式可能更适于女生。(4)单独短时多次锻炼方式对于男生社会性体格焦虑的降低以及身体自我效能的提高优于集体一次长时锻炼方式,但对于女生而言差异并不显著。第四部分研究通过10周教学实验,考察了健美操、街舞、篮球和乒乓球四个项目对110名女大学生社会性体格焦虑以及部分生理和心理因素的影响。研究结果表明:(1)女大学生在进行项目选择时,具有不同的社会性体格焦虑。选择健美操和乒乓球项目女生的社会性体格焦虑显著高于选择街舞项目女生。(2)健美操、街舞、篮球和乒乓球,均不能有效的降低社会性体格焦虑,其中街舞项目女生还有显著的增加。(3)除乒乓球项目能够提高女生的身体自尊外,健美操、街舞和篮球项目均不能提高女大学生身体自尊和身体自我效能。(4)健美操、街舞、篮球和乒乓球四个项目均能在不同程度上促进女大学生身体健康,但也有项目之间的差异。健美操项目对于体成分的改变有着自身优势。第五部分对整个研究结果进行了总结,针对研究中存在的一些问题进行了分析,并对今后有关社会性体格焦虑的研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:As the theory of self expression has become the focus of attention in the field of social psychology again, in the field of sports and exercise psychology, the study of physical exercise behavior from the perspective of self expression has also been paid attention to. Social physical anxiety as a measure of self-expression concern in sports and physical conditions related to the physical condition. For the last 20 years, sports and psychologists have made a great contribution to this field. However, since the localization of the social physical anxiety questionnaire in China since 2003, the subsequent related research has not kept up. Analysis and combing, using the localization of social physical anxiety questionnaire, and related questionnaire and questionnaire survey, and through experimental research to try to find different forms of sports and sports situation on the social physical anxiety and related psychological and physiological factors of Chinese college students, and explore the mechanism of action. Including the following parts:
The first part is mainly about the purpose and problems of the whole research, and generally conceived and designed the research.
The second part is a literature review. First, the concept and theoretical basis of social physical anxiety are summarized and combed. Secondly, the relationship between social physical anxiety and exercise motivation and behavior is briefly introduced. Finally, the related research on the influence of different sports forms, movement frequency and sports situation on social physical anxiety in foreign countries is carried out. Detailed analysis and summary, and further sum up and summarize the relationship between social physical anxiety and related psychological variables and demographic indicators. Through the analysis of the existing research results, the problems that need to be thought and studied are put forward.
The third part is the core of this study. After the screening of the social physical anxiety questionnaire, Z more than 1 of the college students are used as the research object, and the effects of different sports modes and situations on social physical anxiety and related variables are studied by 12 weeks of experimental intervention. This part includes four studies:
A pair of 352 high social physical anxiety subjects were analyzed. The study showed that: (1) weight is an important factor affecting the social physical anxiety of college students, but it is not the only factor, and the morphological index (especially the index) can not be ignored. The formation of social physical anxiety of college students. (2) boys are more involved in extracurricular physical exercise than girls, but they all engage in sports activities with small amount of exercise. They are engaged in sports activities with small amount of exercise. The reasons for girls' exercise are mostly related to body shape, but boys are mostly independent of body shape. (3) both men and women like to exercise together with friends, followed by collective exercise, most dislike the only one that dislikes the only one alone. Self exercise. Sex is one of the important factors that affect the change of social physical anxiety in the exercise environment. (4) girls are different from boys in weight control behavior. Physical exercise is not the main behavior means, and diet control is one of the more important means.
Study two mainly investigated the influence of different physical exercise forms on social physical anxiety of 118 college students and understood the intermediary variables. The study showed that (1) strength, aerobic endurance and the combination of strength and aerobic endurance, three physical exercises could effectively reduce the social physical anxiety of the students. (2) the male students did strength exercise. The reduction of social physical anxiety is better than that of girls. Strength exercise is the best way for boys to improve or reduce social physical anxiety, and the combination of strength and aerobic endurance for girls is better than boys, and mixed exercise is the best exercise for girls to improve or reduce social physical anxiety. (3) three kinds of exercises can effectively promote the physical health of college students and the improvement of physical self-respect and physical self-efficacy, and promote mental health. (4) in the process of the influence of different physical exercises on social physical anxiety, strength quality index, body self respect, body self efficacy and body self-respect and body self The psychological factors of effectiveness play an intermediary role.
Study three mainly investigated the influence of different sports situations on social physical anxiety of 150 college students and understood the intermediary variables. (1) physical exercise in different sports situations can effectively reduce the social physical anxiety of college students. The reduction of social physical anxiety under collective cognitive situation is better than that of individuals. There is no significant difference between different sports situations for female students. (2) there is a certain gender difference in the influence of cognition on the social physical anxiety of college students. (3) physical exercise in different sports situations can effectively promote the health of college students and the improvement of physical self-respect and physical self-efficacy. Promote mental health. (4) in the process of cognitive situation affecting social physical anxiety, psychological factors and body self-esteem indicators play the role of mediating variables. (5) gender factors in the exercise situation have a certain influence on the social physical anxiety of college students.
Study four mainly investigated the influence of short time multiple exercise forms on social physical anxiety and some physiological and psychological factors in 43 college students. The study showed that (1) a short number of short-term exercises can effectively reduce the social physical anxiety of college students, and improve physical self-respect and physical self-efficacy, and there is no difference between men and women. (2) alone. Short time exercises can promote the level of physical health, especially the growth of strength quality is better than a long time exercise form. (3) there is no significant difference in the influence of the individual short time exercise and the single long time exercise on the social physical anxiety of the male and female college students, the physical self esteem and the physical self-efficacy. However, a single short time exercise may be more suitable for boys, but a single long time exercise may be more suitable for girls. (4) the reduction of social physical anxiety in boys and the improvement of physical self-efficacy are better than that of the collective one and one and the other, but the difference is not significant for girls.
The fourth part of the study, through 10 weeks of teaching experiments, investigated the influence of aerobics, street dance, basketball and table tennis on the social physical anxiety and some physiological and psychological factors of 110 female college students. The results showed that: (1) female college students had different social physical anxiety when they were selected for the project. The social physical anxiety of girls in table tennis is significantly higher than that of girls choosing street dance. (2) aerobics, hip-hop, basketball and table tennis can not effectively reduce social physical anxiety, among which girls in street dance have a significant increase. (3) except table tennis, the physical self-esteem of girls, calisthenics, street dance and basketball items can be improved. (4) aerobics, street dance, basketball and table tennis can all promote the health of female college students in different degrees, but there are also differences between projects. Aerobics has its own advantages for the change of body composition.
The fifth part summarizes the results of the whole research, analyzes some of the problems in the study, and looks forward to the future research on social physical anxiety.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：B844.2

【引证文献】