美国农村学校合并的现状、问题与趋势

发布时间：2018-05-08 03:05

本文选题：美国 + 农村学校教育　；参考：《东北师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国农村学校合并发端于19世纪中期,这项改革已经走过了一百多年的历程。它是美国农村教育改革的重要举措,直接关系到美国农村的教育状况,也影响着美国的人口素质与社会发展。农村学校合并一直是美国教育政策制定者和教育研究人员关注的焦点。农村学校合并旨在充分整合教育资源,提高教育质量,实现教育发展的规模效益。由于美国地方分权的政治体制,各州的学校合并政策及其实施是多元的,因而增加了对美国农村学校合并问题研究的复杂性。我国当前正在进行农村学校的布局调整,目的是更加科学、合理地利用教育资源。对美国农村学校合并问题的深入研究能为我国的农村学校布局调整提供对照与启示。本论文主要分为五个部分: 第一部分,将美国农村学校合并的历史分为探索阶段、蓬勃发展阶段和理性发展阶段,并指出美国农村学校合并的必要性。第二部分,美国农村学校合并发展的现状,主要阐述了合并的标准、政策与法规保障、经费保障和师资保障等问题。第三部分,主要分析了美国农村学校合并过程中几个争议比较大的问题,包括学生交通、学校教育支出、学生学业成就、社区身份与社区文化、校园安全和辍学率几个方面。第四部分,呈现了当前美国农村学校合并过程中替代性的解决方案。为了确保教育公平,适当地保留小规模的学校,通过共享服务和远程教育等手段,也可以让偏远地区的学生接受到更好的教育。第五部分,分析了美国农村学校合并的经验与发展趋势,如,遵循农村教育发展的客观规律;为农村学校的发展提供充足的物质保障;在农村教育发展中确保教育公平。
[Abstract]:The merger of rural schools in the United States began in the mid-19th century, and the reform has gone through more than a hundred years. It is an important measure of the rural education reform in the United States. It is directly related to the education situation in the rural areas of the United States, and also affects the quality of the population and the social development of the United States. The merger of rural schools has been the focus of American education policy makers and education researchers. The purpose of the amalgamation of rural schools is to fully integrate educational resources, improve the quality of education and realize the scale benefit of educational development. Due to the political system of decentralization in the United States, the policy of school consolidation and its implementation in various states are pluralistic, thus increasing the complexity of the study on the merger of rural schools in the United States. At present, China is adjusting the distribution of rural schools in order to make more scientific and rational use of educational resources. The in-depth study on the merger of rural schools in the United States can provide a contrast and enlightenment for the adjustment of rural school layout in China. This thesis is divided into five parts: In the first part, the history of rural school amalgamation in the United States is divided into three stages: the stage of exploration, the stage of vigorous development and the stage of rational development, and the necessity of merging rural schools in the United States is pointed out. The second part, the current situation of the development of rural schools in the United States, mainly expounds the standards, policies and regulations, funds and teachers protection and other issues. The third part mainly analyzes several controversial issues in the process of merging rural schools in the United States, including student transportation, school education expenditure, students' academic achievement, community identity and community culture, campus safety and dropout rate. The fourth part presents the current alternative solutions in the process of rural school consolidation in the United States. To ensure that education is fair, small schools can be properly preserved, and students in remote areas can also receive better education by means of shared services and distance education. In the fifth part, the author analyzes the experiences and development trends of the amalgamation of rural schools in the United States, such as following the objective laws of the development of rural education, providing adequate material security for the development of rural schools, and ensuring the fairness of education in the development of rural education.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G571.2

【引证文献】