近代学制变革与中国现代文学理论学科的确立

发布时间：2018-03-26 08:45

本文选题：中国现代文学理论　切入点：近代学制　出处：《河南大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在清末民初的三次学制变革过程中,中国现代文学理论借助学校教育制度,从癸卯学制中学科品格的具备到壬子癸丑学制中学科意识的自觉,再到壬戌学制中形成了一套规范而可供操作的话语模式、课堂构架和教学方式,最终确立了其在知识谱系学中的合法位置,并作为一种学科知识形式得以在近代中国形成。在癸卯学制中,中国现代文学理论逐渐从原先的“文学史、文学理论、文学批评”混沌胶合的状态中分离出来,具有现代意义的中国现代文学理论学科品格得以基本确立。“文学理论”在壬子癸丑学制中的首次明确亮相以及与哲学、美学、修辞学等临近科目的并列设置,既表明文学理论在现代知识谱系中的位置得到认可,也表明文学理论开始具有了明确而自觉的学科意识;同时,文学理论现代运行模式的基本形成,为文学理论向新的范式转换提供了新的生产、传播和评价模式,文学理论作为一门专门性的知识进行课堂讲授和学术研究开始成为可能。壬戌学制对现代文学理论话语类型的创制和推行,为文学理论话语系统的现代转换提供了制度保证,文学理论话语得以借助于学制系统得到广泛认可,这为具有普适性和通约性的现代文学理论话语生产和文学理论教材编写、论文写作提供了必备的条件。与此同时,壬戌学制还对文学理论的教学内容进行了规划,对教学方法进行了初步构建,为文学理论进行专门性的知识传授提供了一套规范而可供操作的课堂教学结构框架和课堂教学方式。知识借助于国家政权并以制度的形式确立下来就会成为一种权力话语,文学理论话语在此语境中就不可避免地染上权力色彩。文学理论要成为一种权力话语,需要通过两个途径:第一,通过修辞言说达到以言行事之目的,即“修辞语用学”。“修辞语用学”重视修辞在文学理论研究探索和沟通表述过程中扮演的不可或缺角色,它关注具有同一性的事物或事件在不同历史时期使用不同修辞方式这一独特现象。就文学理论学科而言,学科名称的确立和现代话语样式的形成,意味着文学理论学科内部形成了一套崭新的语言代码,这套语言代码使文学理论学科自身包含的意义和规则成为不言自明的知识,并进而获得言说的权力乃至支配言说的权力。第二,通过国家教育制度的授权成为一种权力话语。中国现代文学理论在清末民初成为权力话语的重要标志就在于它借助国家政权并以法令的形式在学制中的位置得到确立,并理所当然地出现在文化配置、知识谱系之中,顺理成章地进入学校课堂和科研院所进行专门性的讲授与研究。文学理论话语与学校教育制度的结合,使得文学理论话语在言说与被接受的过程中,言述传递的文学知识不再是纯粹的知识,而是通过与政治话语言说的相互联结,成为一种具有权力特征的知识/话语形式。
[Abstract]:In the course of the three changes of the academic system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the modern Chinese literary theory, with the aid of the school education system, from the possession of the discipline character in the Guimao school system to the consciousness of the discipline in the non-Ziguizu academic system, Then a set of normative and operable discourse mode, classroom structure and teaching method were formed in the system of education, which finally established its legal position in the genealogy of knowledge. And as a form of discipline knowledge, it was formed in modern China. In Guimao's academic system, the modern Chinese literary theory was gradually separated from the "literary history, literary theory and literary criticism" in the state of chaos and amalgamation. The academic character of modern Chinese literature theory has been basically established. The first explicit appearance of "literary theory" in the academic system of nonzi Kuaizou and its parallel setting with the adjacent subjects such as philosophy, aesthetics, rhetoric, etc. It not only shows that the position of literary theory in the modern knowledge genealogy is recognized, but also shows that literary theory has begun to have a clear and conscious discipline consciousness, and at the same time, the basic formation of the modern mode of operation of literary theory, It provides a new mode of production, dissemination and evaluation for the transformation of literary theory to a new paradigm. Literary theory as a specialized knowledge for classroom teaching and academic research began to be possible. The creation and implementation of the modern literary theory discourse types by the non-Xu academic system provides a system guarantee for the modern transformation of literary theoretical discourse system. Literary theoretical discourse is widely recognized with the aid of the academic system, which provides the necessary conditions for the production of modern literary theoretical discourse and the compilation of literary theoretical textbooks, and the writing of literary theories. The system also planned the teaching content of literature theory and constructed the teaching method. It provides a set of normative and operable classroom teaching structure framework and classroom teaching method for literary theory to carry out specialized knowledge teaching. Knowledge will become a kind of power discourse with the help of the state power and the form of institution, and the discourse of literary theory will inevitably take on the color of power in this context. There are two ways to be adopted: first, to achieve the purpose of "rhetoric pragmatics" through rhetoric, which attaches importance to the indispensable role that rhetoric plays in the process of literary theoretical research and communication. It focuses on the unique phenomenon that things or events of identity use different rhetorical devices in different historical periods. As far as the discipline of literary theory is concerned, the establishment of the name of the subject and the formation of modern discourse style. This means that a new set of language codes has been formed within the discipline of literary theory, which makes the meaning and rules contained in the discipline of literary theory self-evident knowledge. And then get the power of speech and even the power to control it. Second, China's modern literary theory became an important symbol of power discourse in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China through the authorization of the state education system, and its position in the academic system was established by virtue of the state power and in the form of decrees. And naturally appeared in the cultural allocation, knowledge pedigree, and naturally entered the classroom and scientific research institutes to conduct specialized teaching and research, literary theory discourse and the combination of school education system, In the process of speech and acceptance of literary theoretical discourse, the literary knowledge transmitted by verbal discourse is no longer pure knowledge, but becomes a form of knowledge / discourse with the characteristics of power through the mutual connection with political discourse.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I209.6;G529

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