论教育产品及其经济属性

发布时间：2018-11-18 10:24

【摘要】：教育产品的经济属性是确定市场经济条件下政府是否干预教育的重要理论依据。教育产品不应该是理论界普遍认为的教育服务,如教师提供的教学服务,而应该是合格的毕业生所拥有的素质、技能、知识等,或者说是合格毕业生所具有的人力资本。这样的教育产品在学生毕业之后被消费,才能给受教育者本人、投资教育的家庭以及社会带来收益。在经济学对教育收益的已有研究中,正是以合格的毕业生所具备的能力作为其研究对象的。在教育产品的消费过程中,如果存在外部效应,那么教育产品就可能成为准公共产品或公共产品,这样才能决定政府对教育产品供给的干预程度。因此,在分析政府是否应该干预教育资源配置的时候,应该先确定某种教育产品是否是公共产品或准公共产品,而不是相反。也就是说,不是因为政府提供了基础教育或实行了义务教育制度,基础教育产品才变成了公共产品。另外,教育产品的经济属性与社会经济发展的阶段密切相关,具有历史阶段性特征。
[Abstract]:The economic attribute of educational products is an important theoretical basis to determine whether the government interferes with education under the market economy. Educational products should not be generally regarded as educational services, such as the teaching services provided by teachers, but should be the qualities, skills, knowledge of qualified graduates, or the human capital of qualified graduates. Such educational products are consumed after graduation to bring benefits to the educated themselves, families investing in education and society. In the existing research on educational income in economics, the ability of qualified graduates is the object of study. In the process of consumption of educational products, if there are external effects, then educational products may become quasi-public goods or public goods, which can determine the degree of government intervention in the supply of educational products. Therefore, when analyzing whether the government should intervene in the allocation of educational resources, we should first determine whether a certain educational product is a public product or a quasi-public product, not the other way around. In other words, basic education products become public goods not because the government provides basic education or implements compulsory education system. In addition, the economic attributes of educational products are closely related to the stage of social and economic development, and have the characteristics of historical stages.
【作者单位】：山东大学卫生管理与政策研究中心
【分类号】：G40-054

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