清徐方言重叠式研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:59

本文关键词： 清徐方言构成形式表义特征语法功能语音特征　出处：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：重叠是汉语的一种重要的语法手段,它在清徐方言中得到普遍而广泛的运用,本文从语法角度对清徐方言重叠现象的构成形式、表义特征、语法功能作出了比较全面地描写和分析,并与普通话进行比较,力图找出清徐方言的特色。本文共分六章。第一章为绪论部分。主要介绍了清徐县的地理位置、清徐方言研究的现状和本文的研究方法、目的及意义。第二章到第五章主要对清徐方言中重叠之后形成的名词、动词、形容词、量词、数词的重叠式进行详细地描写,并将其与普通话比较。对清徐方言重叠式的描写主要集中在构成形式、表义特征、语法功能三个方面。构成形式上,本文列举了常见的构成类型,并对其进行逐一分析举例。表义特征上,重叠式名词主要表示专指、小称、爱称；重叠式动词主要表示量的差级、色彩意义：重叠式形容词主要表示程度的变化和色彩意义；重叠式量词主要表示“逐一、每一”；重叠式数词主要表示专指、概数。语法功能上,本文对其是否具有修饰与被修饰功能,是否能在句中充当成分,充当什么成分做了详细地描述。本文重点对有特色的方言重叠式与普通话的相应形式进行比较、分析,指出其特有的功能与意义。通过比较得出：清徐方言的重叠式构成形式多样、表义丰富、功能全面。第六章主要描写了清徐方言两字组重叠式的语音特点。分为两部分。第一部分主要描写了清徐方言两字组重叠式的变韵与变调现象,并对其成因进行简要地分析。我们认为：清徐方言两字组重叠时,前字大多要发生变韵。前字的主要元音是半低元音[ε]、低元音[p][a][(?)]、央元音[(?)][(?)]时,前字发生变韵；前字的主要元音是半高[γ]、高元音[i][u][y]、舌尖元音[(?)]时,前字不发生变韵；有时变与不变与年龄有关。变韵的同时还伴随着变调。清徐方言重叠变韵是异化作用下的语音变化形式,而这种异化又与并州片普遍的元音高化相关。第二部分主要描写清徐方言两字组重叠式语音现象的韵律特征,它不同于周边方言点,为韵律模块说和音节响度顺序原则提供了方言上的依据。我们认为：清徐方言两字组重叠式中前字未变韵的属于单纯重叠,前字变韵的属于变音重叠,二者是符合韵律模块说和响度顺序原则的。变韵与否只跟主要元音有关,与声母、声调无明显关系。结语部分对全文进行了总结,得出清徐方言在构成形式、表义特征、语法功能上都具有比普通话丰富的特点,特别是在两字组的语音特点上,更是具有不同于同片方言点的特色。
[Abstract]:Reduplication is an important grammatical means of Chinese, which is widely used in Qingxu dialect. The grammatical function is described and analyzed comprehensively and compared with Putonghua in order to find out the characteristics of Qingxu dialect. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part. It mainly introduces the geographical location of Qingxu County. Chapter two to Chapter 5th mainly focus on nouns, verbs, adjectives and classifiers in Qingxu dialect. The reduplication of numerals is described in detail and compared with Putonghua. The description of reduplication of Qingxu dialect is mainly focused on three aspects: the form of constitution, the features of meaning and the grammatical function. This article enumerates the common constitution type, and carries on the analysis example to it one by one. In the expression meaning characteristic, the superposition noun mainly expresses the special finger, the small name, the love name; The reduplicative verbs mainly represent the difference of quantity and the color meaning: the reduplicative adjectives mainly denote the change of degree and the color meaning; Reduplicative quantifiers mainly mean "one by one, each"; The superposition numerals mainly indicate the special reference, estimate. The grammatical function, this article whether it has the modification and the modified function, whether can act as the component in the sentence. This article focuses on the characteristics of dialect overlap and the corresponding forms of Putonghua are compared and analyzed. The author points out its unique function and significance. Through comparison, it is concluded that the overlapping forms of Qingxu dialect are various in form and rich in meaning. The 6th chapter mainly describes the phonetic characteristics of Qingxu dialect. It is divided into two parts. The first part mainly describes the phenomenon of rhyme and tone change in Qingxu dialect. We think that when the two characters in Qingxu dialect overlap, most of the antecedents will change in rhyme. The main vowel of antecedent is semi-low vowel. [Low vowel. [P]. [A]. [What? ). [What? )]. [What? ), the main vowel of the antecedent is half high. [Y], high vowel. [I]. [U]. [Y], tongue tip vowel. [What? ] when the word "antecedent" does not change rhyme; Sometimes variation and invariance are related to age. While rhyming is accompanied by change of tone, overlapping rhyme of Qingxu dialect is the form of phonetic change under the action of alienation. The second part mainly describes the prosodic characteristics of Qingxu dialect overlapping phonetic phenomenon, which is different from the surrounding dialect points. It provides the basis of dialect for the prosodic module theory and the principle of syllable loudness order. We think that in the reduplication of Qingxu dialect, the former words without changing rhyme belong to the pure overlap, and the former character changes the rhyme to belong to the variant tone overlap. The two are in line with the prosodic module theory and the principle of loudness order. Rhyme or not is only related to the main vowels, but not to the consonant and the tone. The conclusion part summarizes the full text and draws the conclusion that the Qingxu dialect is in the form of composition. The features of semantic and grammatical functions are richer than that of Putonghua, especially in the phonetic features of two-character groups, which are different from the same dialect points.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H172.2

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