生存于中日夹缝中的人—朱舜水

发布时间：2018-02-27 17:16

本文关键词： 朱舜水大日本史影响中日夹缝矛盾　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究主要利用《朱舜水集》(中华书局),通过研究朱舜水在日本的活动,来探讨其充满矛盾的一生,并论证了舜水一生生存于中日夹缝中的事实。朱舜水是中国明末的儒学学者,被称作“文武第一全才”“开国第一人”。朱舜水以“浅衷激烈,不能隐忍含弘”的性格为理由,曾前后十二次拒绝了明朝政府的聘用。而究其根本原因,还是他想彻底远离腐败堕落的明朝政权。而另一方面,为了守住将亡的明朝,朱舜水决定应诏任职。但因“安南之役”的发生,未能如愿。因此为了明朝复兴,他参加了郑成功的“北征”。一方面他因对黑暗政治的失望而与明朝保持距离,另一方面他又为复明而从军。朱舜水在中国渡过的前半生就表现出了这样一种矛盾。因对明末的腐败堕落深感失望,加上明朝复兴的希望渺茫,于是东渡日本并定居。朱舜水流寓长崎,靠日本儒学学者安东守约的资助生活。后经小宅生顺推荐,被水户藩藩主德川光国招至水户,聘为宾师。朱舜水不仅向光国传授经世济民的实学,还对其进行政治社会方面的指导、传播儒学思想及明朝制度、鼓励教育兴学,还影响到了《大日本史》的编纂。除光国外,舜水也向门生安东守约、安积觉、友人小宅生顺等人传授学问及明朝的制度等,对他们有很大的影响。朱舜水主张“实学”,重视儒学中的“礼”“学”等思想。定居日本的朱舜水就将这样的学问传播给了日本人,产生了极大的影响。朱舜水十分重视教育,除建议在水户藩建学校兴学之外,还著书《学宫图说》。另外他还向德川光国解释明朝的礼仪制度,积极推进释奠礼仪等活动。而且在《大日本史》的编纂过程中,他提倡“实理与实学”,产生了“实务主义”的影响。而贯穿《大日本史》始终的“大义名分论”“皇朝主义”,则可谓朱舜水对《大日本史》最大的影响。这些虽都是儒学家传授学问的活动,但更是朱舜水要将在中国无法实现的“大同”理想实现于日本——这个一生的梦想,寄托于光国。另外,在与门生安东守约、安积觉、友人小宅生顺的交往中,舜水也传授了实学、作文读书的方法等学问。而且他的人格也给予门生很大的影响。在同日本人的交往中,无论是传播的学问还是舜水自身的人格,都没有与中国相脱离。舜水虽对明朝复兴感到失望,但却未放弃“大同”的实现,反而在日本谋求其成真。即,与舜水相连的中国,已不是现实中的中国,而是存在于他观念之上的“大同”理想社会。就这样,朱舜水在中日的土地上,渡过了一生,也在中日的无限矛盾中,渡过了一生。但受朱舜水影响的产物、《大日本史》贯穿始终的“国家主义”成为了“尊皇”思想的源流,又同“攘夷”相结合,促使了幕府末期“倒幕运动”的发生。其结果是通过1868年开始的明治维新改革,日本正式成为了立宪君主制、议会制的国家。这反而与舜水的期待背道而驰了。朱舜水虽然被德川光国尊称为“硕儒”“圣贤”、被门生所崇拜、又因明治维新改革思想的源头而成为特别的存在,被古今日本人高度评价,但反而也由此添上了一抹悲剧色彩。
[Abstract]:In this study , the author studies the activities of Zhu Shunshui in Japan by studying the activities of Zhu Shunshui in Japan , and demonstrates the fact that Shunshui lives in the joint between Japan and Japan . Zhu Shunshui is a scholar of Confucianism at the end of Ming Dynasty , called the " First Man of the Nation " . Zhu Shunshui has rejected the employment of the government in Ming Dynasty before and after being " shallow and fierce , unable to bear the character of containing Hong Kong " . The reason is that he wants to be completely away from the corrupt and corrupt regime of the Ming Dynasty . On the other hand , in order to keep the Ming Dynasty , Zhu Shunshui decided to take an official position . However , because of the occurrence of " the service of Annan " , he had not been able to do so . Therefore , for the sake of the revival of the Ming Dynasty , he took part in the " Northern sign " of Zheng ' s success . On the one hand , he maintained a distance from the Ming Dynasty for disappointment in the dark politics , and on the other hand , he became the army for the sake of clarity . Zhu Shunshui , the first half of China ' s ferries , showed such a contradiction . He was deeply disappointed by the corruption of the late Ming Dynasty , and the hope of the revival of the Ming Dynasty was slim , so the Dongdu Japan had settled . Zhu Shun - shui , who has been accepted by the Japanese scholar of Confucianism , has made a great influence on the Japanese history . Zhu Shunshui has also influenced his political and social aspects , spread Confucianism and the system of Ming Dynasty , and encouraged education to flourish . Zhu Shunshui devoted much attention to education . Besides , he suggested that in the process of compilation of Japanese history , he advocated " practical and real science " and promoted the influence of " practice " . These are all the activities of Confucianism , but Zhu Shunshui will realize the dream of " Datong " , which is not realized in China , in Japan _ this life , and is entrusted to the light state . In addition , Shunshui has also taught students to learn , composition , and so on in the communication with the guard , Anji , and the small house of the family , and his personality also has a great influence on the students . In the communication with the Japanese people , neither the propagating knowledge nor the personality of Shunshui itself is separated from China . However , the realization of " Datong " has not been abandoned , but the realization of " Datong " has not been abandoned . In other words , China , which is connected with Shunshui , is not a real China , but exists in the ideal society of " Datong " above his idea . In this way , Zhu Shunshui spent his whole life on the land of Japan and Japan , and spent his life in the infinite contradiction between China and Japan . But under the influence of Zhu Shun ' s water , the " nationalism " throughout Japan ' s history has become the source of the " noble " thought , and it has led to the " reverse curtain movement " in the end of the curtain . The result is the reform of the Ming and Meiji in 1868 , and Japan has become the monarchy of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system . This is contrary to the expectation of Shunshui . Zhu Shunshui , who was honored as the " Master of Confucianism " by the light of Degawa , was admired by the disciples , and had become a special existence because of the source of the new reform thought , which was highly valued by the Japanese , but on the contrary , it added a tragic color .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】