关联理论视域下的相声言语幽默研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 18:07

本文关键词： 关联理论相声反差效应幽默包袱　出处：《湖南农业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：相声是中国传统文化的奇葩,是我国民族文化的瑰宝,也是中国传统言语幽默的集中表现。语言大师侯宝林先生曾说,相声是一门语言的艺术,也是一门幽默的艺术。相声主要通过系“包袱”和抖“包袱”的过程达到引人发笑的目的,让人们在笑声中受到教益和启发。相声是中国独有的文化表现形式,因此,国外对相声的研究甚少。相比较而言,国内学者对相声的研究起步较早,但他们大多专注于相声艺术自身特点的研究,如介绍相声的起源和分类,相声的说、学、逗、唱四项基本技能以及如何组织“包袱”等等。国内对相声幽默语言的研究始于20世纪60年代,学者们大多从修辞的角度入手。关联理论是由Sperber和Wilson(1986)在其联名出版的题为《关联性：交际与认知》的专著中提出的。它是近年来给西方语用学界带来较大影响的认知语用学理论。关联理论自问世以来,就受到学者们极大的关注并被广泛地应用于不同的研究领域,其中也包括对幽默的研究。然而,鲜有学者运用关联理论对中国特有的幽默艺术——相声幽默进行研究。鉴于此,本文将在关联理论的视域中对相声言语幽默的产生和理解进行试探性研究。本文主要探讨如下问题：(一)相声为什么能使我们发笑?通常情况下,在听相声的过程中我们被逗得捧腹大笑,但却很少思考其原因。对于此问题,本文试图在关联理论的框架下寻求答案；(二)相声的目的之一是给听众带去欢乐,其幽默策略主要有哪些?本文运用较大量的篇幅从语音、词汇、句法和语义的角度对相声言语幽默的技巧进行了探讨；(三)听众在欣赏相声言语幽默的过程中会经历哪些认知步骤?本文从关联理论的视角,对相声言语幽默的理解过程进行了描述：(四)交际失败时有发生,相声中的幽默交际也不例外,是哪些因素影响了听众欣赏相声呢?通过研究发现,关联理论对相声言语幽默具有很强的解释力及适用性,其产生和理解都受制于关联原则。在关联理论的认知原则和交际原则的指导下,我们得到话语的最大关联解释和最佳关联解释。两种解释间的反差效应导致了幽默的产生。相声言语幽默的理解过程实质上就是听众付出认知努力选择语境、寻求关联的过程。在此过程中,观众共需经历8个认知步骤。用西方语言学理论来研究中国特色的语言现象具有积极的理论及实践意义。一方面,本研究能进一步检验关联理论的解释力；另一方面,本文对相声言语幽默的产生及理解过程的探索将加深我们对传统文化精髓——相声的了解,从而为弘扬传统文化做出有益的贡献；此外,本文的研究能帮助我们更好地创作及欣赏相声,同时也为外国友人了解中国文化搭建了桥梁。
[Abstract]:Crosstalk is a wonderful work of Chinese traditional culture, a treasure of Chinese national culture, and a concentrated expression of Chinese traditional verbal humor. Mr. Hou Baolin, a master of Chinese language, once said that crosstalk is an art of language. Crosstalk is also an art of humor. Crosstalk is a unique cultural expression in China, which aims to make people laugh through the process of "baggage" and "burden shaking." There are very few studies on crosstalk in foreign countries. By comparison, domestic scholars started their research on crosstalk earlier, but most of them focused on the study of the characteristics of crosstalk art, such as introducing the origin and classification of crosstalk, talking, mimicking, teasing. Singing four basic skills and how to organize the "burden". The domestic research on comic humor language began in 1960s, scholars mostly from the perspective of rhetoric. Relevance Theory was proposed by Sperber and Wilson in 1986 in his monograph "relevance: communication and Cognition". It is a cognitive pragmatics theory which has brought great influence to the western pragmatics in recent years. It has attracted great attention of scholars and has been widely used in different research fields, including the study of humor. However, few scholars use relevance theory to study cross-talk humor, which is a unique humor art in China. In this paper, a tentative study of the generation and understanding of verbal humor in crosstalk is made in the perspective of relevance theory. This article mainly discusses the following question: (1) how can crosstalk make us laugh? Usually, we are laughed at in the process of listening to crosstalk, but we seldom think about the reasons. For this question, we try to find the answer in the framework of relevance theory. (2) one of the purposes of crosstalk is to bring joy to the audience. What are the main humor strategies? This paper discusses the techniques of crosstalk verbal humor from the perspectives of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and semantics. (3) what cognitive steps does the audience experience in the process of appreciating crosstalk verbal humor? From the perspective of relevance theory, this paper describes the process of understanding the verbal humor of crosstalk. The communication failure of the crosstalk (4) occurs from time to time, and the humorous communication in the crosstalk is no exception. What factors affect the audience's appreciation of the crosstalk? It is found that relevance theory has a strong explanatory power and applicability to the verbal humor of crosstalk, and its production and understanding are restricted by the relevance principle, which is guided by the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance theory. We get the maximum relevance interpretation and the best relevance interpretation of discourse. The contrast effect between the two interpretations leads to humor. In essence, the understanding process of cross-talk verbal humor is that the audience makes cognitive efforts to choose the context. The process of seeking relevance. In this process, the audience needs to go through eight cognitive steps. It has positive theoretical and practical significance to study the linguistic phenomena with Chinese characteristics by using western linguistic theories. On the one hand, this study can further test the explanatory power of relevance theory; on the other hand, In this paper, we will deepen our understanding of the essence of traditional culture-crosstalk and make a useful contribution to the promotion of traditional culture. The research in this paper can help us to create and appreciate crosstalk better, and also build a bridge for foreign friends to understand Chinese culture.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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