《汉字西译》音系研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:06

本文选题：《汉字西译》　切入点：明清官话　出处：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明清两代语音在汉语语音史上,特别是近代汉语语音史上占有重要地位。西洋学者的罗马字记音著作相对于明清韵书韵图有明显的优点,是研究汉语官话的绝好材料。意大利方济各会神父叶尊孝编的《汉字西译》完成于1694-1700年间,法国人德金于1813年在法国巴黎出版,虽然牵涉到词典史上的剽窃案,但德金还是为这部词典的出版做出了自己的贡献。我在这篇论文中所采用的版本,即是德金1813年的巴黎版。本文主要运用统计法、描写法、比较法等方法,对《汉字西译》的声韵调进行了详细的描写和分析,并与《西儒耳目资》、《语言自迩集》、罗马字《官话新约全书》进行对比,得出了《汉字西译》的音系性质。全文共分五章。以往对《汉字西译》的研究局限于历史学、词典史角度,本文从音韵学角度进行研究。《汉字西译》有声母20个(不包括零声母),韵母51个,其中阴声韵23个,阳声韵15个,入声韵13个。声调有阴平、阳平、上声、去声、入声5个。通过与中古音和《西儒耳目资》等的比较,《汉字西译》体现出浊音清化、见组精组尚未颚化、“知庄章”尚未卷舌化、微母独立、-m尾消失、入声韵尾合并为喉塞音、寒桓分韵、保留前后鼻音对立、知系合口字与见系合口字同音等特点,全浊上声字,一部分仍念上声,一部分则归入去声。通过分析《汉字西译》的语音系统,一方面可以使我们了解清代前期的官话概况,另一方面也有助于汉语官话语音史的研究。在本文中我们认为《汉字西译》体现的音系特征更倾向于南京官话,当然,其也体现了一些属于北方系官话的特点。
[Abstract]:The pronunciation of Ming and Qing dynasties plays an important role in Chinese phonetic history, especially in modern Chinese phonetic history. Italian Franciscans priest Ye Zunxiao's "Western Translation of Chinese characters" was completed between 1694 and 1700, and French Dekin was published in Paris in 1813, although involving plagiarism in the history of dictionaries. But Degin made his contribution to the publication of the dictionary. The version I used in this paper was the 1813 Paris edition of Degin. This paper mainly uses the methods of statistics, description, comparison and so on, to describe and analyze in detail the tone of the Western Translation of Chinese characters, and to compare it with "Western Confucianism", "language since you", "Roman characters", "the New Testament of official dialect". The phonological properties of Chinese characters Translation from West to West are obtained. The full text is divided into five chapters. In the past, the research on the translation of Chinese characters from the perspective of history and lexicography was limited to history and lexicography. There are 20 consonants (excluding zero initials, 51 vowels) in < Chinese translation from the perspective of phonology, including 23 yin and 15 yang. There are 13 tones in the tone. There are 5 tones: Yin and Ping, Yang Ping, Shangsheng, De-sheng, and "entering". By comparing with the middle and ancient Chinese characters and "Western Confucian ear and eye information", the "Western Translation of Chinese characters" reflects the purging of the voiced sound, see that the group of refined characters has not yet been jaunted, and the "Zhizhuang Zhang" has not yet been turned into a tongue. The micromother disappeared independently, the end of the entering rhyme was merged into the throat impaction, the cold Huanfan rhyme, kept the opposition of the nasal sound before and after, the character of knowing the syllable and the character of the syllable of the syllable was the same as the character of the syllable of the syllable. By analyzing the phonetic system of the Western Translation of Chinese characters, on the one hand, we can understand the general situation of Mandarin in the early Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, it is helpful to study the history of Chinese Mandarin phonetic history. In this paper, we think that the phonological characteristics of Chinese characters translated from west to west tend to be more inclined to Nanjing Mandarin, and of course, it also reflects some characteristics of northern Mandarin.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H114

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