现代汉语三音节词语的结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:03

本文选题：三音节词语　切入点：语音结构　出处：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本次研究的的对象是现代汉语词汇中的三音节词语，研究的着眼点在于其语音结构和语法结构的分析。通过研究希望达到以下两个目的：从现代汉语词汇系统的静态范畴看，通过对其进行层次、结构以及其他方面的研究，可以更完整地、深入地了解词汇系统现状及特点；从现代汉语词汇系统的动态范畴看，现代汉语词汇系统既有相对的稳定性，也在不断地变化发展，通过对三音节词语进行分析研究，有助于探究词汇发展的脉络及趋势。本文的研究方法是语料库基础上的定量统计与定性分析相结合。本次研究所选的语料主要来自两本词典：一是由李行健主编的，外语教学与研究出版社、语文出版社出版的《现代汉语规范词典》（2004年1月第1版）；二是由中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室编辑的，商务印书馆出版的《现代汉语词典》（2005年6月第5版）。定量统计的内容包括：（1）三音节词语中各词类和词组包含的词条数，具体分为名词、形容词、动词、副词、代词、拟声词、连类、量词、数词、叹词和词组，共计十一类；（2）三音节词语内包含的语素数量；（3）三音节词语的各节律结构数量分布；（4）三音节词语的各语法结构数量分布。定性分析包括三音节词和词组的节律结构、语法结构的一般规律和特殊结构关系，以及词和词组在节律、语法方面的分析比较。从词类方面看，汉语词汇系统中的三音节词以名词类最多，说明其具有名词化的倾向，并且这也是十分开放的一类，现实生活中的新事物、新现象、新观念的产生都将在此范围内得到表现。其他按照数量的多少，，依次为：形容词、动词、副词、代词、量词、连词、数词、拟声词、叹词。其中副词和连词是两个相对封闭的类。三音节词语中包含三个语素的词条数量最多，其次为包含两个语素的词条，再次为包含一个语素的词条。现代汉语词汇系统中的三音节词语以“2+1”式的为多数，其次为“1+2”式，最后为“1+1+1”式。这反映了三音节词语的形成遵循了汉语社团“比类取象”、“援物比类”的思维方式，也说明，三音节词语与双音节词语和单音节词语具有密切的联系。三音节词语中第一层次间语素的语法结构关系包含两音节词中的全部结构关系，如：偏正关系、动宾关系、动补关系、主谓关系等。语法结构关系中数量最多的是偏正关系，比重达百分之七十以上；其次为动宾关系；再次为附加关系。其他结构关系数量较少。这与双音节词的结构关系有相似之处，说明三音节词语同样遵循汉语的一般语法规则，符合传统的语言习惯。三音节词语还具有自己特有的语法结构，例如，出现了动宾结构的逆序形式、出现了较完整的主谓宾形式等。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the three-syllable words in modern Chinese vocabulary. The research focuses on the analysis of its phonetic structure and grammatical structure. The purpose of this study is to achieve the following two purposes: from the perspective of the static category of modern Chinese lexical system, Through the study of its hierarchy, structure and other aspects, we can understand the present situation and characteristics of the lexical system more completely and deeply, and from the dynamic category of the modern Chinese lexical system, the modern Chinese lexical system has relative stability. Also constantly changing and developing, through the analysis of the three-syllable words, This research method is a combination of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis on the basis of corpus. The corpus selected in this study mainly comes from two dictionaries: one is edited by Li Xingjian. A Dictionary of the norms of Modern Chinese published by Foreign language Teaching and Research Press and Chinese Publishing House (January 2004, 1st Edition); second, edited by the editorial Office of the Institute of languages of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, The Modern Chinese Dictionary published by the Commercial Press (June 2005, 5th Edition). The quantitative statistical contents include the number of entries in the three-syllable words and phrases, which are divided into nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, onomatopoeias, and onomatopoeia. Conjunctions, quantifiers, numerals, interjections and phrases, The number of morpheme contained in three syllable words is 3) the quantity distribution of each rhythm structure of three syllable words and the quantity distribution of grammatical structure of three syllable words. The qualitative analysis includes the rhythm structure of three syllable words and phrases. The general rules and special structural relationships of grammatical structures, as well as the analysis and comparison of the rhythm and grammar of words and phrases. In terms of parts of speech, the majority of three-syllable words in Chinese lexical system are nouns, indicating that they tend to be nominalized. And this is also a very open class. The emergence of new things, new phenomena, and new concepts in real life will all be expressed in this scope. The others are: adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, classifiers, according to the number of quantities. Conjunctions, numerals, onomatopoeias, interjections. Adverbs and conjunctions are two relatively closed categories. Thirdly, the three syllable words in the modern Chinese lexical system are mostly "21", followed by "12". This reflects that the formation of three-syllable words follows the thinking mode of "comparing class to taking image" and "assisting material comparing category" in the Chinese community, which also shows that the formation of the three-syllable words follows the mode of thinking of the Chinese community. Three syllable words are closely related to double syllable words and monosyllabic words. The grammatical structure relation of the first level of the three syllable words includes all the structural relations in the two syllable words, such as the positive relation, the verb-object relation, the movement-complement relation. The number of grammatical relations is more than 70%, followed by verb-object relations. There are similarities with the structural relations of dicyllabic words, which shows that the three-syllable words also follow the general grammatical rules of Chinese. The three-syllable words also have their own grammatical structure, such as the reverse form of verb-object structure and the relatively complete subject-predicate object form, etc.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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