禹州方言助词研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 13:24

本文选题：禹州方言　切入点：助词　出处：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：禹州方言属北方官话南鲁片。以往研究禹州方言多在语音词汇方面,语法甚少。本文在调查收集大量语料基础上,采用共时描写和比较的方法,对禹州方言的助词加以系统研究。全文分六大部分：引言部分主要介绍禹州方言的人文、地理和方言研究概况,阐明研究禹州方言助词的目的和意义,交代论文写作方法及语料来源。第一部分主要描写了结构助词“哩”和一些普通话中没有的关于“哩”的固定格式。“哩”在句中分别显示定中、状中和述补关系,还可构成“哩”字短语。大致相当于普通话中的“的”、“地”、“得”和“的”字短语。在“哩”字固定格式中,“A哩B哩”格式意义相当于“又……又”和“无论……都”,还有“A呀A哩”,表动作的持续状态的格式用法。第二部分主要讨论了动态助词“著”、“了1”、“了2”“过”和一些方言特色的表时态的固定结构。“著”在禹州方言中作助词,意义上表示动作正在进行、表示状态的持续,用在动词后,表时间点、表方式目的、表附着。“了1”用在动词后面一般表假设动作完成,或表动作完毕。表动作的完成时,代替“过1”的用法,有“已经完成”的意思。“过”在禹州方言中只表示曾经发生,不表动作的完毕,与普通话中的动态助词“过”表动作的完毕的用法不同。最后,还讨论了如：“VVV、VVV”、“VXX、VXX”、“V著V著”等一些表时态的固定格式的用法。第三部分分析了复数助词“们”、“几个[t(?)i(?)24]”。禹州方言中“几个[t(?)i(?)24]”用作复数助词直接用在人称代词后。除此之外,由“几个[t(?)i(?)24]”延伸来讨论“[iua]”作方言助词的意义和用法。“[iu(?)]”在禹州方言中能够代替助词“个”作助词或衬音现象。第四部论述了语气助词“哩”和其它语气助词。“哩”除了做结构助词之外,还用在句后作语气助词,相当于普通话中的语气词“的”和“呢”的用法。当“哩”用法相当于普通话中的“的”时,小句后必须加“哩”,当“哩”用法相当于语气词“呢”时,小句后的“哩”可不加。另外,还讨论了其他方言特有的语气词的用法,如“喽、么”等。第五部分主要描写了其他助词的使用情况。比况助词“样”、“哩样”与“跟/给[k(?)24]”结合使用,组成固定格式“AP/VP+哩+跟/给[k(?)24]……哩样”相当于普通话中的“像……似的”。表概数助词“把”用在助词“个”或“越”后面,表时间的长短或程度的加深。“些”在禹州方言中作助词,表动作发生在过去的某个时间点或时间段,意思为“曾经……的时候”。还有其它助词,像“来和多”、“给”、“连”的用法和方言助词“些”、“喽”、“也中”、“妥了”的用法。本文通过对禹州方言中的助词在语法层面上进行系统地描写,对禹州方言中的“结构助词”、“动态助词”、“复数助词”、“比况助词”和其他助词及其相关格式进行分析。通过对普通话进行直接的比较,表现出禹州方言助词用法的特殊性。
[Abstract]:Yuzhou dialect belongs to the northern part of Southern Shandong . Previous studies of Yuzhou dialect have very little grammar . In this paper , a systematic study of the auxiliary words in Yuzhou dialect is carried out on the basis of the investigation and collection of a lot of corpus , and the whole text is divided into six parts :

The introduction part mainly introduces the research situation of the humanities , geography and dialect of Yuzhou dialect , and expounds the purpose and significance of the study of Yuzhou dialect .

The first part mainly describes the structure - assisted words " mile " and the fixed format of " mile " in some Putonghua . " mile " in the sentence displays the relationship between the " mile " and the middle , and also can form a " mile " phrase . In the " mile " character fixed format , " A mile B mile " format meaning is equivalent to " another . " and " no matter . " , also " A ah A mile " , table action continuous state format usage .

The second part mainly discusses the fixed structure of the dynamic auxiliary words " works " , " 1 " , " 2 " " over " and some dialect features .

In the third part , the author analyses the meaning and the usage of the dialect words in the dialect of Yuzhou dialect . In addition , the meaning and the usage of the dialect words in the dialect of Yuzhou dialect are discussed . In addition , the meaning and the usage of the dialect words are discussed by the extension of " several " i ( ? ) i ( ? ) 24 " .

The fourth part discusses the use of the words " mile " and other words . " mile " is in addition to the structural help . It is equivalent to the use of words " and " in Mandarin . When " mile " usage is equivalent to " in Mandarin " , " mile " must be added after a small sentence . When " mile " usage is equivalent to the word " , " the " mile " after a small sentence may not be added . In addition , it discusses the usage of other dialect - specific words , such as " hello , " , etc .

The fifth part mainly describes the use of other words . For example , the words " sample " , " mileage " and " follow - up / administration " are used together to form a fixed format " AP / VP + mile + and / or " 24 kilometers . " The table is used in Yuzhou dialect . The table movement takes place in the past certain time or time period , meaning " once . " . There are other words , like " Come and do " , " give " , " Lian " usage and dialect words " some " , " hello " , " also " , " tall " usage .

This paper makes a systematic description of the auxiliary words in Yuzhou dialect at the grammatical level , and analyses the structure - aid words , the dynamic auxiliary words , the complex auxiliary words , the " specific auxiliary words " and the other auxiliary words in the Yuzhou dialect and their related formats . Through direct comparison of Putonghua , this paper shows the particularity of the usage of Yuzhou dialect .

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

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