与第一人称相关的人称指示现象的语用解析

发布时间：2018-04-06 04:04

本文选题：人称指示　切入点：对应指示与非对应指示　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人称指示是通过人称代词来标示参与会话或会话中涉及到的角色，使这些角色联系起来构成一个基本的会话系统。人称指示现象跟语法学中的人称代词以及会话角色这两个因素有着密不可分的关系，通常情况下，人称指示系统与人称代词及会话角色的关系是“一一对应”的，然而在日常生活会话中，经常出现这三者并不对应的情况，例如用第一人称代词“我们”指示听话人等等。这些情况涉及到人称指示现象中，人称代词、会话角色及其会话意图、会话隐涵几方面的关系，我们研究的目的也正是在挖掘这一系列因素之间的关系和构成模式。通过总结前人的研究成果发现，对于与第一人称相关的人称指示现象进行专门研究的尚属少数，有限的研究中也存在一些或分类不清、或分过于简单、或不成系统等问题；但是与第一人称相关的指示现象却是日常言语行为中非常常见的一个现象，与语言的使用者直接相关，同时也是其他人称指示的基础。因此，本文试图在汲取前人研究成果的基础上，专门对与第一人称相关的人称指示现象进行分析研究，对一些目前难以统一认识、尚未涉及或者涉及不深入之处进行探索。其目的不仅在于从理论上深化我们对人称指示现象及相关言语行为的理解，而且也希望相关结论可以为对外汉语教学中低年级的人称代词教学、中高年级人称指示现象的教学提供实际的借鉴。第一章绪论部分，主要阐述了选题意义，并且整理了国内外相关研究状况。通过对近年来国内外研究状况的总结，我们发现，关于与第一人称相关的人称指示现象，其内涵、分类等一些基本问题需要重新界定，其语用原则和模式也有着可以突破的空间。本章同时还介绍了解决问题拟采用的理论方法和语料来源等基本问题，认识绪论部分为我们介绍与第一人称相关的人称指示现象做了良好的铺垫。第二章我们主要对“与第一人称相关的人称指示现象”这一概念进行了全面的界定。首先从人称代词、会话角色两方面及其彼此关系对人称指示系统进行了全新的考察，进而确定了与第一人称相关的人称指示现象的基本内涵，对“相关”的具体含义做出了明确的解释和说明，并且提出了新的与第一人称相关的人称指示划类——“对应指示”和“非对应指示”。第三章主要分析了与第一人称相关的对应指示现象。分别从基本形式、人称指示语人称代词及会话角色的关系、人称指示与会话意图及会话隐涵的关系三个方面进行了具体分析。分析主要结合了影视作品及文学作品中的相关语料，在基本的语用学理论上辅以实际用例，归纳出了对应指示的基本模式，，并指出了这类指示现象中的会话隐涵。第四章主要分析了与第一人称相关的非对应指示现象，这一章是文章研究分析的重点章节。首先，文章划分出两类非对应指示现象——“角色非对应指示”和“代词非对应指示”；进而分析其各自的基本形式、人称指示与人称代词、会话角色及会话隐涵的关系特点；除此之外文章还指出了这类指示现象的实质在于指示对象及视点的改变；文章对于“代词非对应指示”做出了两个大类三个小类的详细分析；最后总结出与第一人称相关的非对应指示现象的一般模式。第五章在前三章的分析基础上，汲取语用学“会话原则”及“标记性及代码选择”相关理论成果，结合人称指示的实际情况，提出指导与第一人称相关的人称指示的语用原则——协调原则及其相关准则；并且指出，遵守和背离原则都会产生会话隐涵，都表达了发话者的会话意图，其核心在于发话者对会话双方“话语权利义务”及“社会权利义务”两层关系的认识与调整；对应于具体的指示系统，便是遵守协调原则，则发话者选择与第一人称相关的对应指示，若背离协调原则，则发话者选择与第一人称相关的非对应指示。第六章在前几章的基础上，总结归纳了与第一人称相关的人称指示的形式、语用原则以及总的模式，将文章的研究核心以图表的形式展示出来，希望能够尽可能做到研究的清楚明晰且系统完整。
[Abstract]:Person deixis is marked by personal pronouns to participate in related to the role of the session or sessions, so that these roles together constitute a basic conversation system. Person deixis with syntax in personal pronouns and conversational roles of these two factors is the inseparable relations, under normal circumstances, personal relationship indicating system personal pronouns and conversational roles is "one-to-one", but in everyday conversation, often the three isn't the case, such as the first person pronoun "we" indicates the hearer and so on. These cases involve the person deixis, personal pronoun, conversational roles and conversational intention, relationship in terms of conversational implicature, the purpose of our study is the relationship between the mining of a series of factors and patterns.
Through the previous research findings, the special research is few and the first person deixis phenomenon, there are also some limited research or classification is not clear, or too simple, or not a system problem; but a very common phenomenon of deixis is associated with the first daily speech acts in the person, directly related to the users of the language, but also other person deixis. Therefore, this article attempts to draw on the results of previous studies, analysis of specialized research and the first person related person deixis on some difficult to unify the understanding, not related to or involved in further exploration. Its purpose is not only to deepen our understanding of person deixis and related speech acts in theory, but also hope that the relevant conclusions can be for Chinese The teaching of personal pronouns in the middle and lower grades of the middle and low grade and the teaching of the middle and high grade person's personal instruction provide practical reference.
The first chapter is the introduction, mainly expounds the significance of the topic, and organize the relevant research status at home and abroad. Based on the status of research at home and abroad in recent years are summarized, we found that, on the first person deixis and the related phenomenon, its connotation, classification and some basic problems need to redefine its pragmatic principles and patterns also have can break through the space. This chapter also introduces the basic problems of the quasi problem solving theory and the source of corpus, the introduction part introduces us to the understanding of person deixis phenomenon and the first person to do good bedding.
The second chapter we focus on "and the first person deixis phenomenon" related to the concept of a comprehensive definition. Firstly, from two aspects of personal pronouns, and the relationship of discourse roles a new study for the person dexicals, then the basic connotation of person deixis phenomenon associated with the first person to determine the a clear explanation of the specific meaning of ", and puts forward the new and the first person deixis related classes -" corresponding instructions "and" non corresponding instructions ".
The third chapter mainly analyzes the related correspondence and the first person deixis. From the basic form, relationship of person deixis pronouns and conversational roles, the relationship between three aspects of person deixis and conversational intention and conversational implicature are analyzed. The main analysis combined with relevant data and video works in literary works. In the basic theory of pragmatics with practical examples, this paper sums up the basic mode of the corresponding instructions, and points out the conversational implicature this indicative phenomenon.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the related non correspondence and the first person deixis, this chapter is the key chapter of the article research and analysis. Firstly, the article is divided into two types of non corresponding indication phenomenon "the role of non corresponding instructions" and "non pronoun corresponding instructions"; and then analyzes the basic forms of the self, person deixis and personal pronouns, relationship between conversational implicature and conversational roles; in addition the paper also pointed out the essence of this kind of phenomenon is indicating indicating the object and viewpoint change; the "non corresponding pronouns indicating" made a detailed analysis of the two major categories of three kinds; finally summed up the general pattern of non corresponding instructions the phenomenon is associated with the first person.
The fifth chapter based on the analysis of the first three chapters, from the pragmatic "cooperative principle" and "Markedness and code selection of relevant theoretical results, combined with the actual situation of person deixis, puts forward the guidance and the first person related person deixis, pragmatic principle coordination principle and related standards; and pointed out that compliance and deviate from the principle will produce conversational implicature, expresses the speaker's communicative intention, which is the core of speaker recognition and adjustment on both sides of the conversation discourse of" rights and obligations "and" social rights and obligations "two relations; corresponding to the specific indicator system, is obey the principle of coordination, is the first person speaker selection and related the corresponding instructions, if the speaker is deviated from the principle of coordination, and the first person non relevant indication.
The sixth chapter, based on the previous chapters, summarizes the form, pragmatic principles and general models of person deixis related to the first person, and shows the core of the article in the form of charts, hoping to make the research clear and systematic.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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