汉语动词重叠式句法功能比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 22:15

本文选题：动词重叠 + 句法功能　；参考：《北京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：重叠是语言中普遍存在的一种现象,多年来中外语言学界十分关注这一问题。在汉语学界,众多学者对动词重叠问题进行过广泛的研究,主要集中在讨论动词重叠式的范围,重叠的条件,动词重叠式的性质归属、语法意义、句法功能和语用功能等。前人的研究取得了许多宝贵的成果,但是仍然存在一些问题,在很多方面,如动词重叠式的范围,语法意义等还存在分歧。尤其是对不同的动词重叠形式之间的比较研究还十分薄弱,很不全面,尚有很大的研究空间。不同的动词重叠式在口语和书面语中大量出现,表现出一定的差异性,从语言学角度对这些具体的差异进行研究具有十分重要的意义。前人对不同动词重叠形式的研究集中在讨论其语法意义和语用功能方面存在的差异,对句法功能方面的研究极少,而且很不系统。研究对象一般局限在对两类或三类单音节动词重叠式及其相似形式的比较,如对VV和V—V,VV和V一下,或VV、V—V和V一下的研究,尚无对双音节动词重叠式ABAB和AB了AB的具体考察研究,也没有对单／双音节的动词重叠式之间的比较研究。本文在前人研究的基础之上,以《现代汉语动词用法词典》中的可重叠动词为研究对象,从句法功能的角度出发,通过大规模语料的调查,对由单／双音节构成的五种不同的动词重叠式：VV、ABAB.V—V、V了V和AB了AB进行了系统深入的考察。细致地比较、描写、归纳了这五种动词重叠式在能够充当的句法成分,左右邻接的成分和所适用的特殊句型等方面存在的差异,并探讨了产生这些差异的原因。通过考察,我们发现不同的动词重叠式在充当句法成分时,表现出一定的差异性。在单独充当句子的谓语时,VV、V—V和ABAB倾向于用在祈使句或带有祈使意义的语句中,V了V,AB了AB倾向于用在叙述性的语句中。当动词重叠式表示连续动作中的最后一个动作,叙述过去发生的事件或动作行为时,多用V了V、AB了AB；当动词重叠式不表示最后一个动作时,五种重叠式都适用。动词重叠式的主语一般要求是施事的,不同的重叠式对句子的主语的人称选择也有所差异。重叠式VV、ABAB、V—V可以作句子的主语,V了V、AB了AB不能作主语。在与动词重叠式左邻接成分方面,形容词“多”倾向于与VV、ABAB式邻接,“少”与动词重叠式邻接时,预设“少”后的VP是不合理的,建议做出改变,减少这种动作或行为。VV、ABAB和V—V不与表示已然或进行的时间副词邻接,V了V和AB了AB不能与表示进行的时间副词邻接。动词重叠式都不能与“很”类副词邻接,可以与“稍”类副词中的双音节副词邻接。带“了”的动词重叠式不能与任何否定词邻接,不带“了”的动词重叠式可以与否定词“不、没(没有)、非”邻接,不能与“别、甭”邻接。VV、ABAB和V—V比V了V和AB了AB与助动词邻接的能力强。在与动词重叠式右邻接成分方面,动词重叠式与宾语邻接的能力比较强,既可以和体词性宾语邻接,也可以和谓词性宾语邻接。重叠式VV和ABAB带宾语的能力最强,V—V和V了V次之,AB了AB最次。五种动词重叠式都不能带补语,不能带动态助词“了”、“着”、“过”,也不能带语气词“呢”、“来着”、“来呢”。在用于特殊句型方面,五种动词重叠式都可以用于“把”字句,但是在时体、语义轻重和句法搭配等方面都存在一些差异。动词重叠式在用于被动句时受到较大的限制,V了V和AB了AB对受事主语句的适用度最强,V—V次之,VV和ABAB最弱。希望通过本文的研究能够弥补该领域研究的空白,改进以往研究的不足,从而对现代汉语动词重叠现象有更为全面和透彻的认识。另外,本文的研究成果也将对汉语教学有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Overlapping is a common phenomenon in language. For many years, Chinese and foreign linguistic circles have paid great attention to this problem. In the Chinese language field, many scholars have conducted extensive research on the problem of verb overlapping, mainly focusing on the scope of verb overlapping, the conditions of overlapping, the nature of the verb reduplication, grammatical meaning, syntactic function and pragmatics. Many valuable achievements have been achieved in previous studies, but there are still some problems. In many respects, there are still differences in the scope of the verb overlapping and the grammatical meaning. In particular, the comparative study of the different forms of verb overlaps is still very weak, very incomplete, and there is still a lot of research space. The superposition appears in a large number of spoken and written languages, showing a certain difference. It is of great significance to study these specific differences from the linguistic perspective.
Previous studies of the overlapping forms of different verbs have focused on the differences in their grammatical and pragmatic functions. The study of syntactic functions is rare and not systematic. The research objects are generally limited to the comparison of two or three types of monosyllabic verb overlaps and their similar forms, such as VV and V V, VV and V, or VV, V The study of V and V has no specific investigation on the duplication of double syllable verb ABAB and AB, and there is no comparative study of the duplication of single and double syllables. On the basis of previous studies, this paper takes the reduplicated verb in the dictionary of modern Chinese verb usage as the research object, starting from the angle of syntactic function. Through the investigation of large corpora, five different verb overlaps composed of single / double syllables: VV, ABAB.V V, V V and AB AB have been systematically investigated. A detailed comparison, description, and induction of the five verb overlaps in the syntactic components, the left and right adjacent components and the applicable special sentence patterns are summarized. Differences exist and the reasons for these differences are discussed.
Through the investigation, we find that different verb overlaps play a certain difference when they act as syntactic elements. When they act as the predicates of a sentence separately, VV, V - V and ABAB tend to use in imperative sentences or sentences with imperative meaning, V V, AB AB tends to be used in narrative sentences. When verb overlaps represent continuous actions. The last action, when describing the event or action of the past, uses V V and AB AB; when the verb overlapping does not represent the last action, the five overlaps are all applicable. The subject of the verb overlapping is generally required to be applied, and the different overlapping forms also vary in the person's choice of the subject of the sentence. Superimposed VV, ABAB, V V can be the subject of a sentence, V V, AB AB can not be the subject.
In the aspect of overlapping verbs with the verb, adjective "more" tends to be adjacent to VV, ABAB, and "less" with verb overlapping. The VP after "less" is unreasonable. It is suggested to make a change and reduce this action or behavior.VV, ABAB and V V are not adjacent to the time adverbs that have been already or carried out, V V and AB AB can not. The verb overlaps can not be adjacent to the "very" adverbs and can be adjacent to the double syllable adverbs in the "slightly" adverbs. The verb overlapping of "the" can not be adjacent to any negative word, and the verb overlapping of the "no" can make a word "no, no (no)," non "adjacency, and cannot be used. "No, no" is adjacent to.VV, ABAB and V - V is stronger than V V and AB are AB and auxiliary.
On the side of the verb overlapping right adjacency component, the verb overlapping and the object adjacency are stronger, not only can be adjacent to the predicative object, but also can be adjacent to the predicate object. The overlap type VV and ABAB with the object are the strongest, V V and V are V times, AB AB is the most. All five verb overlaps can not bring complement and can not bring dynamic auxiliary words. "", "", "and" Guo "can not bring" modal "," coming "or" coming ".
In terms of special sentence patterns, the five verb overlaps can all be used for "the" words, but there are some differences in the time body, the light weight and the syntactic collocation. The verb overlaps are greatly restricted when they are used in the passive sentences. V V and AB have the strongest applicability to the subject sentence of the subject, V V, and the weakest VV and ABAB.
It is hoped that this study can make up the gap of the research in this field and improve the shortcomings of the previous research, so as to have a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of the phenomenon of verb overlapping in modern Chinese. In addition, the research results of this paper will also help Chinese teaching.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】