现代汉语近义动词“关、闭、合”区别性语义特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:05

本文选题：关 + 闭　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选取现代汉语中具有“使开着的物体合拢义”的一组近义词“关、闭、合”为研究对象，以认知语言学理论为基础，对它们各自的本义及含有该字的词语和词组进行分析，理清了各词发展的脉络，找出了词语发展的客观规律。 “关”的核心语义特征是连接性。它的语义围绕着本义“门闩”的作用、地位和结果，在连接性的约束下，向外辐射发展。“闭”的核心语义特征是隔绝性。它的语义沿着本义“关门”的动作、动作后的状态和结果呈线性发展。空间封隔后内外部的事物不能相互交流，内部处于被隔绝的状态，，核心语义特征始终贯穿其中。“合”的核心语义特征是整体性。“合”的语义沿着分离的事物形成整体的过程这一主线蔓延发展。综合三词的发展脉络得出词语发展演变的规律，词语总是在核心语义特征的约束下，以本义为起点，通过一定的方式向外辐射延展。这三个词的共性是都有“使物体由敞开到合拢”的意义，在这一语义上共同点在动作性上，三词都有这样的动作，但侧重点不同，“关”的动作性更强，强调“连接”的动作，“闭”则强调状态的“隔绝性”，“合”侧重于结果的“整体性”。全文共分为五章：第一章绪论，阐述了本文的研究对象、研究理论和方法、研究现状，在此基础上阐明了自己的观点，词语发展有内在的规律，各个词都有自己独特的核心语义特征，把握住各词的核心语义特征能够很好地区分近义词。第二、三、四章是并列的三章，也是全文的核心。分别阐述“关、闭、合”三词的语义特征，一词一章，分析角度一致。首先，搜集具有代表性的词语和词组，对它们进行分类分析，然后提取各类词语的语义特征；其次，分析各类语义特征之间的联系，理清词语发展脉络；最后，从本义概括出核心语义特征，并分析核心语义特征是如何贯穿在各类语义之中的。第五章结论，用认知图式形象具体地描写出三词的异同，用义素分析法分析了三词在动词“合拢义”上的差异，并在典型例词的解释中验证了语义特征分析的有效性。
[Abstract]:This paper selects a group of synonyms "close, close and close", which have the meaning of "making open objects close" in modern Chinese, as the research object. Based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, this paper makes an analysis of their respective meanings and the words and phrases containing the word. The author clarifies the context of the development of each word and finds out the objective law of the word development. The core semantic feature of Guan is connectedness. Its semantics revolves around the function, status and result of the original "latch", which radiates outward under the constraint of connectedness. The core semantic feature of closeness is isolation. Its semantics follow the original meaning of "close the door" action, the state and results of the action show linear development. The internal and external things cannot communicate with each other after the space is sealed, and the core semantic features are always in the state of being isolated. The core semantic feature of "he" is integrity. The semantics of "union" spread along the main line of the process of forming a whole of separate things. By synthesizing the development of the three words, the law of word development and evolution is obtained. Words are always under the constraint of the core semantic features, taking the original meaning as the starting point and radiating outward in a certain way. The commonness of these three words is that they all have the meaning of "making objects open to closing". In this semantic point of view, they all have this action in common, but the emphasis is different, and the action of "Guan" is stronger, emphasizing the action of "connecting". Closeness emphasizes the isolation of the state and the unity of the result. The full text is divided into five chapters: The first chapter introduces the research object, the research theory and the method, the present situation of the research, on the basis of which the author clarifies his own viewpoint, the word development has the inherent law, each word has its own unique core semantic characteristic. Grasping the core semantic features of each word can distinguish the synonyms well. The second, third and fourth chapters are juxtaposition of three chapters, also the core of the full text. This paper expounds the semantic characteristics of the three words, one word and one chapter, from the same point of view. First of all, collect the representative words and phrases, classify them, then extract the semantic features of all kinds of words; secondly, analyze the relationship between the various semantic features to clarify the development of words; finally, This paper generalizes the core semantic features from the original meaning and analyzes how the core semantic features run through all kinds of semantics. Chapter five concludes that the similarities and differences of the three words are described concretely by using cognitive schemata, and the differences of the three words in the verb "close meaning" are analyzed by the method of sememe analysis, and the validity of semantic feature analysis is verified in the interpretation of typical examples.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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