汉语、马来语量词对应关系及教学研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 18:24

本文选题：汉语量词 + 马来语量词　；参考：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉民族在“量词”一词还未出现的时候已经大量使用量词作为计量和计数的单位。经过时代不断地演变,汉语中累计了大量的量词,至今据统计的现代汉语量词有789个。量词成为了汉民族不可或缺的计量单位,在文学作品中使用量词也可渗透出特有的民族色彩和思维方式。马来民族也是一个大量使用量词的民族,量词的学习是学习马来语过程中必要的一环。马来语量词在数量上和其特色不如汉语量词般丰富,不过也是语言中重要的一环。由于汉语和马来语有着不少用法相同的量词,因此学习者或语言使用者在使用某一语言的过程中将它们进行对应。然而,并非所有的量词都能一对一对应。本文经过综合两种语言量词的用法,发现除了度量衡量词外,一对一对应的量词占少数,一对多对应的量词占大部分,而出现无对应关系的量词往往是某一语言当中的计量对象可以省略或以其他词语代替,这种现象多出现在马来语中。一对多对应关系的量词是汉语和马来语中较为常用及应用范围较为广泛的量词,这一类量词容易混淆学习者选择适当的量词。因此,本文除了梳理汉语和马来语量词的对应关系,也尝试从语义的角度找出量词的对应关系,即从一个汉语量词用法对应马来语量词,反之亦然。在色彩义方面,汉语量词比马来语量词拥有更多的情态色彩和形象色彩,而两种语言都包含具有形体特征的量词, 最后,本文也进行一个小型的问卷调查,对小学生汉语量词的使用情况进行偏误分析,从中分析学生对于量词的偏误类型和偏误原因,在教学研究上也给出一点建议供参考。
[Abstract]:The Han nationality has used the measure word as the unit of measurement and counting before it appeared. After the continuous evolution of the times, a large number of classifiers have been accumulated in Chinese, and there are 789 classifiers in modern Chinese according to statistics. Quantifier has become an indispensable unit of measurement in the Han nationality, the use of quantifiers in literary works can also permeate the unique national color and mode of thinking. Malay nationality is also a large use of classifiers, the learning of classifiers is a necessary link in the process of learning Malay. Malay quantifiers are not as rich in quantity and features as Chinese classifiers, but they are also an important part of the language. Since Chinese and Malay have many classifiers in the same usage, learners or language users correspond to each other in the process of using a certain language. However, not all quantifiers can correspond to one another. After synthesizing the usage of the two kinds of language classifiers, it is found that in addition to the metrological quantifiers, one corresponding quantifier is a minority, and one to many corresponding classifiers account for most of them. However, the non-corresponding quantifiers are often omitted or replaced by other words in a certain language, which often occurs in Malay. One-to-many equivalents are commonly used and widely used in Chinese and Malay, which can easily confuse learners in choosing suitable classifiers. Therefore, in addition to combing the corresponding relationship between Chinese and Malay quantifiers, this paper also tries to find out the corresponding relationship of quantifiers from the semantic point of view, that is, corresponding Malay quantifiers from the usage of a Chinese classifier, and vice versa. In terms of color meaning, Chinese classifiers have more modality color and image color than Malay quantifiers, and both languages contain quantifiers with physical characteristics. Finally, this paper also carries out a small questionnaire survey. This paper analyzes the usage of Chinese classifiers in primary school students, analyzes the types and causes of errors, and gives some suggestions for reference in teaching and research.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】