从心理类型和标记性理论视角分析母语迁移

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:32

本文选题：语言迁移 + 标记性　；参考：《西北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着认知理论的发展，语言迁移作为一种复杂的心理过程被许多研究者所接受，并取得了显著成就。语言迁移经历了三个发展阶段，从最初的行为主义理论框架到认知心理学框架对语言迁移的认识不断提高。在语言迁移的许多制约因素中，标记性和心理类型被成为解释语际影响的重要因素，成为许多语言学家及心理语言学家所共同关注的重要问题之一。本文基于Kellerman提出的心理类型以及另外一个重要的理论：标记性理论，从认知心理角度探讨语言迁移。本文采取了学习者某一语言点这一横断面对一些语言特征的迁移现象作相对静态的分析，从中找到一些规律性的东西，即标记性和心理类型这两个因素对语言迁移的预测力以及二者之间的关系。本文涉及的词汇及句法结构所导致的五种错误类型分别为：（a）语义混淆；（b）动词及物性混淆；（c）动词误用；（d）there be结构误用；（e）关系从句误用。本文的数据均来源于西北师范大学的80名在校学生。通过采用问卷，造句，翻译和语法判断来调查学生在使用中可能出现的迁移情况。研究结果表明标记性和心理类型对语言迁移起了很重要的作用。如果对于某个语言点,当学习者的心理距离较远时,这个语言点就不会发生迁移或减少它在中介语中的使用甚至发生回避现象;当学习者的心理距离较近时,会发生以下两种情况:当心理距离与实际距离相一致时,将会发生该语言点的正迁移;当心理距离与实际距离不一致时,将会发生该语言点的负迁移即产生偏误。如果目标语比母语更具有标记性，，那么此语言点即为学习者的困难所在。相对于心理类型标记性更能说明母语迁移。随着英语知识的不断积累，学习者受标记性和心理类型的影响逐渐变小。
[Abstract]:With the development of cognitive theory, language transfer, as a complex psychological process, has been accepted by many researchers and made remarkable achievements. Language transfer has undergone three stages of development, from the initial behaviorist theoretical framework to the cognitive psychological framework of language transfer. Among the many restrictive factors of language transfer, markedness and psychological type have become important factors to explain the interlingual influence and become one of the most important issues concerned by many linguists and psycholinguists. Based on the psychological types proposed by Kellerman and another important theory, markedness theory, this paper discusses language transfer from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This paper makes a relatively static analysis of the transfer phenomenon of some language characteristics through the cross section of a language point of the learner, and finds out some regular things from it. That is, the predictive power of the two factors to language transfer and the relationship between them. The five types of errors caused by the lexical and syntactic structures in this paper are: (1) semantic confusion) (b) the misuse of the verb and the misuse of the transitive confusion () the misuse of the relative clause. The data in this paper are from 80 students in Northwest normal University. Questionnaire, sentence formation, translation and grammatical judgment were used to investigate the possible transfer of students in use. The results show that markedness and psychological types play an important role in language transfer. For a language point, when the learner's psychological distance is far away, the language point does not transfer or reduce its use in the interlanguage or even avoid it; when the learner's psychological distance is closer, the language point does not transfer or reduce its use in the interlanguage. There are two situations: when the mental distance is consistent with the actual distance, the positive transfer of the language point will occur; when the psychological distance and the actual distance are not consistent, the negative transfer of the language point will produce bias. If the target language is more marked than the native language, then the language point is the difficulty of the learners. Compared with psychological type markedness, mother tongue transfer can be better explained. With the accumulation of English knowledge, learners become less influenced by markedness and psychological types.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H09

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