汉藏虚词比较与翻译方法研究
发布时间：2018-09-11 20:04
【摘要】：一般来说,没有实在意义,不能单独回答问题的,不能单独充当句子成分的词叫做虚词。藏语虚词分了三个类,即格助词、自由和不自由虚词。虚词是“实词”的对称,它虽然不能单独充当句子成分,但同句子内部结构密切联系,一个虚词译得不准会直接影响到句意翻译的准确性。虚词在句中的使用频率很高、语法作用非常大,所以对它的把握不可忽视。藏文句子的语意关系,大部分由语法虚词来实现的。翻译时,如果把虚词的语法作用没有理解清楚,句意必定会出现偏差甚至误译。所以,在翻译实践中为了确保译文的准确性,就要特别注意对虚词翻译的把握性。汉藏民族历史文化传统不尽相同,汉藏语言传达的文化信息不尽一致。从两个民族的文化进行比较和分析,可以看出,文化差异决定了汉藏语言的差异,在翻译过程中遇到困难的往往不是语言结构本身,而是在十语言涉及到的文化因素的把握上。在跨文化语言交流过程中,汉藏两种语言体系所承载的文化信息往往出现完全重叠,部分重叠、文化空缺甚至冲突的现象。本文在藏族语法理论基础上,以培根《论人生》的藏译为实例,对汉语和藏语中的常见虚词作了详细比较,对通过把握虚词翻译句子的方法作了探究,并得出了自己的观点和方法。 本论文共分为五部分：第一部分为前言,主要阐述了研究课题的基本内容和目的意义,以及研究现状。第二部分简略论述了藏语和汉语同属汉藏语系,有众多共同特征。但是,它们属于两个不同的语族,汉语属于汉语族,藏语则属于藏缅语族,在发音,词汇或者语法等方面存在很多差别。特别论述了在翻译实践中通过把握虚词翻译句子的重要方法。第三部分分析了藏语自由虚词与汉语中相应虚词的对应关系,并进行了比较。第四部分在虚词比较的基础上,进一步论述了翻译时把握虚词的重要性,语法虚词不仅不“虚”而且它的重要性远在实词之上。第五部分为结束语,对本文课题的研究工作作了总结,同时作了一些必要的说明。
[Abstract]:In general, words that have no real meaning and cannot answer questions alone are called function words. Tibetan function words are divided into three categories, namely, case auxiliary words, free and non-free function words. Function words are the symmetry of "notional words". Although they cannot act as sentence elements alone, they are closely related to the internal structure of the sentence, and the inaccuracy of translation of a function word will directly affect the accuracy of the translation of sentence meaning. The function word is used frequently in the sentence and plays a very important role in grammar, so we can not ignore it. The semantic relations of Tibetan sentences are mostly realized by grammatical function words. In translation, if the grammatical function of the function word is not understood clearly, the meaning of the sentence is bound to deviate or even mistranslate. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the translation, we should pay special attention to the understanding of the translation of function words. The history and culture traditions of Han-Tibetan nationality are different, and the cultural information conveyed by Han-Tibetan language is not consistent. From the comparison and analysis of the cultures of the two peoples, we can see that cultural differences determine the differences between Chinese and Tibetan languages. In the process of translation, it is not the language structure itself but the cultural factors involved in the ten languages that are often encountered in the process of translation. In the process of intercultural communication, the cultural information carried by the Chinese and Tibetan language systems often appears the phenomenon of complete overlap, partial overlap, cultural vacancy and even conflict. Based on the Tibetan grammatical theory and taking the Tibetan translation of Bacon on Life as an example, this paper makes a detailed comparison between the common function words in Chinese and Tibetan, and probes into the method of understanding the translation of function sentences. And has obtained own viewpoint and the method. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the preface, mainly elaborated the basic content, the purpose significance and the research present situation of the research subject. The second part briefly discusses that Tibetan and Chinese belong to Chinese and Tibetan languages, and have many common features. However, they belong to two different language families, Chinese belongs to Chinese and Tibetan belongs to Tibetan and Burmese, and there are many differences in pronunciation, vocabulary or grammar. In particular, this paper discusses the important methods of translating functional words into sentences in translation practice. The third part analyzes the correspondence between the Tibetan free function words and the corresponding function words in Chinese, and compares them. On the basis of the comparison of function words, the fourth part further discusses the importance of grasping function words in translation. Grammatical function words are not only "empty" but also far more important than notional words. The fifth part is the conclusion, the research work of this paper is summarized, and some necessary explanations are also given.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H214
本文编号：2237720
[Abstract]:In general, words that have no real meaning and cannot answer questions alone are called function words. Tibetan function words are divided into three categories, namely, case auxiliary words, free and non-free function words. Function words are the symmetry of "notional words". Although they cannot act as sentence elements alone, they are closely related to the internal structure of the sentence, and the inaccuracy of translation of a function word will directly affect the accuracy of the translation of sentence meaning. The function word is used frequently in the sentence and plays a very important role in grammar, so we can not ignore it. The semantic relations of Tibetan sentences are mostly realized by grammatical function words. In translation, if the grammatical function of the function word is not understood clearly, the meaning of the sentence is bound to deviate or even mistranslate. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the translation, we should pay special attention to the understanding of the translation of function words. The history and culture traditions of Han-Tibetan nationality are different, and the cultural information conveyed by Han-Tibetan language is not consistent. From the comparison and analysis of the cultures of the two peoples, we can see that cultural differences determine the differences between Chinese and Tibetan languages. In the process of translation, it is not the language structure itself but the cultural factors involved in the ten languages that are often encountered in the process of translation. In the process of intercultural communication, the cultural information carried by the Chinese and Tibetan language systems often appears the phenomenon of complete overlap, partial overlap, cultural vacancy and even conflict. Based on the Tibetan grammatical theory and taking the Tibetan translation of Bacon on Life as an example, this paper makes a detailed comparison between the common function words in Chinese and Tibetan, and probes into the method of understanding the translation of function sentences. And has obtained own viewpoint and the method. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the preface, mainly elaborated the basic content, the purpose significance and the research present situation of the research subject. The second part briefly discusses that Tibetan and Chinese belong to Chinese and Tibetan languages, and have many common features. However, they belong to two different language families, Chinese belongs to Chinese and Tibetan belongs to Tibetan and Burmese, and there are many differences in pronunciation, vocabulary or grammar. In particular, this paper discusses the important methods of translating functional words into sentences in translation practice. The third part analyzes the correspondence between the Tibetan free function words and the corresponding function words in Chinese, and compares them. On the basis of the comparison of function words, the fourth part further discusses the importance of grasping function words in translation. Grammatical function words are not only "empty" but also far more important than notional words. The fifth part is the conclusion, the research work of this paper is summarized, and some necessary explanations are also given.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H214
【共引文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
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相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 旦志旺杰;《西藏王臣记》两种汉译本翻译比较研究[D];西藏大学;2013年
2 索南措;汉藏谚语的特征及译法研究[D];西藏大学;2013年
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